Table 3.
Regression models for presence and amount of coronary artery calcium (CAC) for Hawaii aging with HIV – cardiovascular study (HAHCS) participants.
| Variables | Relative risk (RR) regression for non-zero CAC in all HAHCS participants (N=100)
|
Linear regression for amount of CAC in HAHCS participants with CAC>0 (N=58)1
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR [95% CI] | p-value | b-Coefficient [95% CI] | p-value | |
| Models including age and race2 | ||||
| Viral load (RNA) undetectable | 1.01 [0.65–1.57] | 0.958 | −0.39 [−1.66–0.87] | 0.535 |
| CD4 nadir (per SD3)5 | 1.00 [0.87–1.15] | 0.994 | −0.28 [−0.60–0.24] | 0.189 |
| CD4 absolute (per SD3) | 1.05 [0.93–1.18] | 0.426 | −0.31 [−0.72–0.11] | 0.081 |
| Length of HIV (per SD3, months) | 0.95 [0.84–1.07] | 0.363 | 0.03 [−0.39–0.44] | 0.901 |
| IL-6 (log, per SD3, pg/ml) | 1.00 [0.89–1.13] | 0.963 | −0.36 [−0.84–0.11] | 0.131 |
| Fibrinogen (log, per SD3, mg/dl) | 1.05 [0.85–1.29] | 0.652 | −0.20 [−0.68–0.29] | 0.419 |
| CRP (log, per SD3, ug/ml) | 1.10 [0.96–1.26] | 0.156 | −0.24 [−0.66–0.18] | 0.261 |
| D-dimer (log, per SD3, ug/ml) | 1.09 [0.97–1.22] | 0.172 | −0.23 [−0.64–0.18] | 0.267 |
| Models including age, race, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors4 | ||||
| Viral load (RNA) undetectable | 1.12 [0.78–1.60] | 0.550 | −0.22 [−1.43–0.99] | 0.716 |
| CD4 nadir (SD3)5 | 1.02 [0.90–1.16] | 0.772 | −0.38 [−0.78–0.01] | 0.058 |
| CD4 absolute (SD3) | 1.06 [0.96–1.17] | 0.242 | −0.34 [−0.72–0.03] | 0.074 |
| Length of HIV (SD3, months) | 0.93 [0.81–1.07] | 0.335 | 0.14 [−0.27–0.54] | 0.492 |
| IL-6 (log, SD3, pg/ml) | 1.04 [0.92–1.17] | 0.525 | −0.47 [−0.90–0.04] | 0.034 |
| Fibrinogen (log, SD3, mg/dl) | 1.09 [0.92–1.30] | 0.331 | −0.27 [−0.71–0.17] | 0.225 |
| CRP (log, SD3, ug/ml) | 1.09 [0.96–1.25] | 0.198 | −0.26 [−0.65–0.13] | 0.192 |
| D-dimer (log, SD3, ug/ml) | 1.13 [1.01–1.27] | 0.037 | −0.12 [−0.50–0.27] | 0.548 |
CAC: coronary artery calcium; CRP: C-reactive protein; HAHCS: Hawaii Aging with HIV Cardiovascular Study; IL-6: interleukin 6; MESA: multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; SD: standard deviation.
CAC was transformed by natural log.
Age in years; race defined as white or non-white.
Continuous measures are presented in standard deviation (SD) units; the estimates reflect a 1-SD increase in the exposure.
Risk factor variables included cigarette smoking (never smoker compared to former or current), diabetes (yes/no), anti-hypertensive medication use (yes/no), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), total cholesterol (mg/dl), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl).
N=93 for RR regression model; N=56 for linear regression model.