Table 2.

Selected asthma prediction tools

Ref.	Clough et al[29]	Castro-Rodríguez et al[27]	Zhang et al[28]
Year	1999	2000	2014
n	107	1246	128
Cohort	Age 3 mo to 3 yr Wheeze onset < 12 wk prior Parental history of asthma or eczema Parental positive allergen skin prick test	Longitudinal healthy birth cohort	Age 2-20 mo 1st wheeze
Outcome prediction	Ongoing wheeze requiring treatment 1 yr after presentation	Active asthma during the school years 6-13	Multi-trigger wheezing after 2 yr
Prediction results	71% accuracy overall, 57% sensitivity, 84% specificity, 76% PPV, 68% NPV	42% sensitivity, 85% specificity, 59% PPV, 73% NPV	95% sensitivity, 74% specificity, 59% PPV, 94% NPV
Components of tool	Age at presentation Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor concentration	Wheezing by parent report Major criteria: parental MD asthma, MD eczema Minor criteria: MD allergic rhinitis, Wheezing apart from colds, eosinophilia ≥ 4%	Wheezing severity score Family or personal history of atopic disease Number of exfoliated airway epithelial cells in sputum

n: Number of subjects; NPV: Negative predictive value; PPV: Positive predictive value; ROC: Receiver operator characteristic.