Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Schematic representation of the glucosylceramide-induced signaling cascade of the DN process. Excessive glucose enhances GSL production by increasing the availability of substrate ceramide and UDP-glucose. GSLs activate signaling through Smad3 and downregulate pPTEN phosphorylation, which increases Akt phosphorylation, leading to hypertrophy and ECM accumulation in diabetic mesangial cells. Inhibition of GSL by C10 improves the pathology by reversing the signaling pathway.
