Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the study participants grouped by prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain.
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) |
GWG categories by IOM guidelines (kg) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight | Normal weight | Overweight/obese | Below | Within | Above | |
| N (%) | 254 (8.5) | 2152 (72.4) | 567 (19.1) | 404 (13.6) | 969 (32.6) | 1600 (53.8) |
| Age, years | ||||||
| <25 | 18 (12.6) | 107 (74.8) | 18 (12.6) | 20 (14.0) | 40 (28.0) | 83 (58.0) |
| 25–29 | 154 (10.8) | 1031 (72.7) | 234 (16.5) | 170 (12.0) | 438 (30.9) | 811 (57.1) |
| 30–34 | 70 (5.6) | 909 (73.0) | 267 (21.4)a | 180 (14.4) | 421 (33.8) | 645 (51.8)1 |
| ≥35 | 12 (7.3) | 105 (63.6) | 48 (29.1)b | 34 (20.6) | 70 (42.4) | 61 (37.0)2 |
| Height, cm | ||||||
| <160 | 82 (9.8) | 605 (72.0) | 153 (18.2) | 116 (13.8) | 283 (33.7) | 441 (52.5) |
| 160–164 | 106 (8.2) | 936 (72.2) | 255 (19.6) | 184 (14.2) | 420 (32.4) | 693 (53.4) |
| >165 | 66 (7.9) | 611 (73.1) | 159 (19.0) | 104 (12.5) | 266 (31.8) | 466 (55.7) |
| Family history of hypertension | 26 (10.2) | 175 (8.1) | 135 (23.8)c | 33 (8.2) | 83 (8.6) | 220 (13.8)3 |
| Family history of diabetes | 16 (6.3) | 171 (7.9) | 108 (19.0)d | 41 (10.1) | 68 (7.0) | 186 (11.6)4 |
| Gestational weeks, weeks | 39.3 ± 1.6 | 39.2 ± 1.7 | 39.4 ± 1.8 | 38.7 ± 2.15 | 39.2 ± 1.65 | 39.4 ± 1.65 |
| Birth weight, g | 3266 ± 420e | 3356 ± 522e | 3480 ± 484e | 3151 ± 5666 | 3299 ± 5166 | 3472 ± 4656 |
| Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 22.1 ± 2.9 | 21.9 ± 3.3 | 22.6 ± 3.47 | |||
Data presented as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation. BMI, body mass index; GWG, gestational weight gain; IOM, Institute of Medicine. aP < 0.05 vs. both younger age groups; bP < 0.05 vs. all 3 younger age groups; cP < 0.05 vs. underweight and normal weight groups; dP < 0.05 vs. underweight and normal weight groups; eP < 0.05 vs. both the other two prepregnancy BMI groups; 1P < 0.05 vs. 25–29 year age group; 2P < 0.05 vs. all three younger age groups; 3P < 0.05 vs. inadequate (‘below’) and normal (‘within’) GWG groups; 4P < 0.05 vs. normal (‘within’) GWG group; 5P < 0.05 vs. both the other two GWG groups; 6P < 0.05 vs. both the other two GWG groups; 7P < 0.05 vs. both the other two GWG groups.