Table 4.
multivariable analysis of cumulative durations of digoxin treatment and colorectal cancer risk
| Digoxin therapy1 | Cases (20,990) N (%) |
Controls (82,054) N (%) |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI, p-Value) |
Adjusted OR2 (95% CI, p-Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current users | ||||
| No digoxin Rx. | 20,147 (96.0%) | 79,936 (97.4%) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Q1 | 169 (0.8%) | 332 (0.4%) | 2.07 (1.72–2.50, <0.0001) | 1.97 (1.63–2.38, <0.0001) |
| Q2 | 212 (1%) | 533 (0.6%) | 1.59 (1.35–1.87, <0.0001) | 1.52 (1.29–1.78, <0.0001) |
| Q3 | 232 (1.1%) | 617 (0.8%) | 1.51 (1.30–1.77, <0.0001) | 1.44 (1.23–1.68, <0.0001) |
| Q4 | 230 (1.1%) | 636 (0.8%) | 1.44 (1.24–1.68, <0.0001) | 1.38 (1.18–1.61, <0.0001) |
| Former users | ||||
| No digoxin Rx. | 20,147 (96.0%) | 79,936 (97.4%) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Q1 | 103 (0.5%) | 347 (0.4%) | 1.18 (0.94–1.47, =0.15) | 1.14 (0.91–1.42, =0.26) |
| Q2 | 35 (0.2%) | 119 (0.1%) | 1.19 (0.81–1.73, =0.37) | 1.16 (0.80–1.70, =0.43) |
| Q3 | 10 (0.05%) | 70 (0.09%) | 0.58 (0.30–1.13, =0.11) | 0.59 (0.31–1.16, =0.13) |
| Q4 | 13 (0.06%) | 49 (0.06%) | 1.08 (0.59–2.00, =0.80) | 1.02 (0.55–1.89, =0.95) |
1
Q1: 0–196 days, Q2: 197–579 days, Q3: 580–1301 days and Q4: more than 1301 days
2
Adjusted to diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, BMI, smoking history, alcohol consumption, chronic use of Aspirin/NSAIDs, and performance of screening colonoscopy