Table 8.
Results of the linear mixed effects models for reading time measures on the target across conditions in Experiment 2 (left columns) and three combined experiments (right columns). The first four rows in each section represent the intercept (unrelated condition) and preview benefit comparisons averaged across sentence condition. The last four rows represent tests for the effect of sentence constraint on the unrelated condition and the interaction between the preview manipulations and sentence constraint. Significant effects are indicated by boldface.
| Measure | Comparison | Experiment 2 data only | Combined Experiments | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | SE | |t| | b | SE | |t| | ||
| Single Fixation Duration | |||||||
| Intercept | 251.19 | 5.09 | 49.35 | 249.46 | 3.40 | 73.48 | |
| Identical | −20.66 | 3.48 | 5.93 | −19.19 | 2.42 | 7.94 | |
| Synonym | −20.33 | 3.54 | 5.74 | −18.25 | 2.44 | 7.46 | |
| Semantic | −8.20 | 3.27 | 2.51 | −6.32 | 2.18 | 2.90 | |
| Constraint * Unrelated | −0.20 | 4.24 | 0.05 | 1.49 | 3.49 | 0.43 | |
| Constraint * Identical PB | −9.24 | 5.42 | 1.70 | −7.74 | 3.87 | 2.00 | |
| Constraint * Synonym PB | −6.67 | 5.44 | 1.23 | −9.96 | 3.98 | 2.50 | |
| Constraint * Semantic PB | −6.59 | 5.44 | 1.21 | −11.76 | 3.90 | 3.02 | |
| Gaze Duration | |||||||
| Intercept | 275.37 | 5.77 | 47.73 | 272.31 | 4.00 | 68.16 | |
| Identical | −19.96 | 4.41 | 4.53 | −21.37 | 3.11 | 6.87 | |
| Synonym | −20.94 | 4.13 | 5.07 | −20.40 | 2.74 | 7.45 | |
| Semantic | −7.24 | 3.90 | 1.86 | −6.19 | 2.64 | 2.35 | |
| Constraint * Unrelated | −1.10 | 4.67 | 0.24 | 0.57 | 3.88 | 0.15 | |
| Constraint * Identical PB | −9.18 | 6.46 | 1.42 | −9.99 | 4.75 | 2.10 | |
| Constraint * Synonym PB | −11.05 | 6.49 | 1.70 | −15.29 | 4.66 | 3.28 | |
| Constraint * Semantic PB | −12.44 | 6.43 | 1.93 | −14.27 | 4.55 | 3.14 | |
| Go-Past Time | |||||||
| Intercept | 309.30 | 7.48 | 41.37 | 312.87 | 5.43 | 57.58 | |
| Identical | −26.44 | 5.33 | 4.97 | −28.80 | 3.75 | 7.68 | |
| Synonym | −23.23 | 4.75 | 4.89 | −26.11 | 3.61 | 7.23 | |
| Semantic | −12.46 | 5.14 | 2.42 | −10.10 | 3.81 | 2.65 | |
| Constraint * Unrelated | 1.14 | 6.91 | 0.16 | −4.72 | 5.84 | 0.81 | |
| Constraint * Identical PB | −16.73 | 8.96 | 1.87 | −10.47 | 6.65 | 1.57 | |
| Constraint * Synonym PB | −22.36 | 9.01 | 2.48 | −17.48 | 6.46 | 2.71 | |
| Constraint * Semantic PB | −25.76 | 8.94 | 2.88 | −15.08 | 6.64 | 2.27 | |
| Total Time | |||||||
| Intercept | 316.36 | 8.30 | 38.14 | 325.65 | 6.34 | 51.37 | |
| Identical | −31.47 | 5.00 | 6.29 | −30.29 | 4.09 | 7.40 | |
| Synonym | −7.53 | 5.21 | 1.45 | −14.29 | 3.62 | 3.95 | |
| Semantic | −1.77 | 4.72 | 0.37 | −1.27 | 3.51 | 0.36 | |
| Constraint * Unrelated | −23.47 | 6.58 | 3.57 | −21.45 | 5.94 | 3.61 | |
| Constraint * Identical PB | −0.27 | 8.76 | 0.03 | −4.85 | 6.85 | 0.71 | |
| Constraint * Synonym PB | −10.81 | 8.78 | 1.23 | −19.25 | 6.53 | 2.95 | |
| Constraint * Semantic PB | −8.75 | 6.65 | 1.01 | −8.22 | 6.47 | 1.27 | |