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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 5.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Aug 1;175(8):1352–1359. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.2081

Table 1.

Characteristics of patients seeing physicians for pre-operative visits or general medical exams in the U.S., 1997-2010

Pre-operative visits General medical exams

Characteristic Unweighted No. Weighted Annual No. Percent, % Unweighted No. Weighted Annual No. Percent, % P value
All visits 8,845 10,266,817 100 29,287 49,496,063 100
Age, yrs
    18-44 2,859 3,073,666 29.9 10,108 14,876,146 30.1
    45-64 3,530 3,749,175 36.5 10,912 19,310,498 39.0
    >=65 2,456 3,443,976 33.5 8,267 15,309,420 30.9 0.283
Sex
    Female 5,469 6,657,816 64.8 17,798 28,661,083 57.9
    Male 3,376 3,609,001 35.2 11,489 20,834,980 42.1 <0.001
Race/ethnicity
    Non-Hispanic white 4,520 5,750,637 56.0 14,684 28,279,841 57.1
    Non-Hispanic black 1,114 674,070 6.6 4,143 4,581,156 9.3 0.001
    Hispanic 953 683,112 6.7 3,091 2,815,335 5.7 0.055
    Other/unknown 2,258 3,158,998 30.8 7,369 13,819,732 27.9 0.136
Insurance
    Private 3,592 4,986,042 48.6 11,870 27,646,706 55.9
    Medicare 2,316 2,878,154 28.0 7,563 13,345,849 27.0 0.002
    Medicaid 1,292 605,670 5.9 4,665 2,929,045 5.9 0.152
    Other 815 803,900 7.8 2,536 3,488,643 7.0 0.023
    Uninsured 830 830 9.7 2,653 2,085,820 4.2 <0.001
Region
    Northeast 2,050 1,921,551 18.7 8,944 11,207,994 22.6
    Midwest 1,761 1,994,323 19.4 7,040 11,710,212 23.7 0.952
    South 2,734 3,704,982 36.1 8,666 17,368,247 35.1 0.03
    West 2,300 2,645,962 25.8 4,637 9,209,610 18.6 <0.001
Office/clinic setting
    Urban 8,070 9,021,071 87.9 25,583 41,957,506 84.8
    Rural 775 1,245,746 12.1 3,704 7,538,557 15.2 0.006
Smoker
    No 3,487 4,587,678 44.7 10,069 19,805,561 40.0
    Yes 899 929,895 9.1 2,471 4,173,282 8.4 0.63
    Unknown 4,459 4,749,243 46.3 16,747 25,517,220 51.6 0.001
Visit diagnosis
    Hypertension 609 808,162 7.9 5,550 10,553,887 21.3 <0.001
    Coronary artery disease 300 340,893 3.3 1,356 2,406,372 4.9 <0.001
    Diabetes 318 378,773 3.7 2,843 4,568,556 9.2 <0.001
    Chronic kidney disease 187 118,588 1.2 257 330,871 0.7 0.039
    COPD 73 117,875 1.1 519 971,150 2.0 0.005

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; Avg., average; No., number; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Thous., thousands; unadj., unadjusted; adj., adjusted

Notes: P values calculated with Wald chi-square test from simple ordinal (age) or binomial/multinomial logistic regression models comparing patients in pre-operative visits to patients in general medical exams.