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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 5.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Biochem. 2015 Mar 12;84:291–323. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034316

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Positive and negative control of precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing by cis-acting intronic and exonic silencers and enhancers. Diagram of a segment of a typical metazoan pre-mRNA with exon and surrounding introns indicated. Intronic and exonic splicing enhancers (ISE, red box; ESE, purple box) and intronic and exonic splicing silencers (ISS, orange box; ESS, brown box) are indicated. Serine–arginine repeat (SR) proteins generally act to promote splicing from nearby splice sites by interacting with splicing enhancers. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (hnRNP) proteins generally act to inhibit splicing from nearby splice sites by interacting with splicing silencers.