. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 18.

Published in final edited form as: J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Nov 18;21(3):e442–e452.

Table 2.

	FASD-Positive (N=13)		FASD-Negative (N=126)		Total (N=139)		Estimated Mean/OR, FASD vs. Not ²	95% CI ²		P-Value ²

	n	%	n	%	n	%
Mean maternal age in years, SD	29.2	6.2	27.7	5.7	27.8	5.8	1.56	−1.79	4.92	0.358
Married or living with partner	6	46.2	49	38.9	55	39.6	1.56	0.50	4.84	0.445
Employed	4	30.8	24	19.0	28	20.1	1.89	0.54	6.61	0.318
Household monthly income 2001 Rand and							0.53	0.17	1.65
above	6	46.2	74	62.7	80	61.1				0.273
Mean highest education level, SD	9.5	2.3	9.9	2.1	9.9	2.1	−0.37	−1.58	0.85	0.552
HH has electricity	11	84.6	119	94.4	130	93.5	0.58	0.09	3.65	0.564
Lives in formal housing	2	15.4	49	38.9	51	36.7	0.39	0.11	1.42	0.153
Water on site	5	38.5	84	66.7	89	64.0	0.73	0.37	1.47	0.383
Flush toilet vs. other type	4	30.8	85	67.5	89	64.0	0.58	0.32	1.06	0.078
Women living with HIV	7	53.8	41	32.5	48	34.5	2.66	0.88	8.05	0.084
Mean wks pregnant at discovery, SD	11.3	5.9	8.6	5.5	8.8	5.6	2.74	−0.48	5.96	0.095
Mean wks pregnant at baseline assessment, SD	26.7	9.2	25.5	7.9	25.7	8.0	1.30	−3.53	6.12	0.595
Mean number of antenatal clinic visits, SD	3.8	2.0	4.9	2.2	4.8	2.2	−1.19	−2.48	0.10	0.070

Comparison of 18-month demographics of women with FASD-positive children (N=13) to women with FASD negative children (n=126).¹

Total sample size is N=139 including N=132 regular entry participants and N=7 late entry participants.

From linear (continuous variables) or logistic (binary variables) random effects regressions, adjusted for neighborhood clustering.

Abbreviations: CI = Confidence Interval; FASD= Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder; HH= Household; HIV= Human Immunedeficiency Virus; OR= Odds Ratio; SD= Standard Deviation.