The >P120 male, but not female, rats, anesthetized with sevoflurane for 6 h at P4, P5 or P6, had increased frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in the hippocampus. A: Examples of mIPSC recordings in hippocampal CA1 neurons of the >P120 female rats and respective histograms showing the frequency and amplitude of mIPSCs in rats from the negative control (n=7), maternal separation (n=9), and sevoflurane (n=8) groups. B: The mIPSC data for male rats (as described in A). Two additional groups of male rats were pretreated with either bumetanide ((1.82 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or RU28318 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) 15 min prior to initiation of anesthesia with sevoflurane for 6 h at P4, P5 or P6. Number of recorded cells for each treatment group: negative control (6), maternal separation (6), sevoflurane (6), bumetanide plus sevoflurane (n=7) and sevoflurane plus RU28318 (n=8). *P=0.01 (uncorrected) and *P=0.07 (corrected for multiple comparisons) vs. facility rearing.