Effects of neonatal exposure to sevoflurane on behavior in the EPM at P60. A and B: Histograms showing distance traveled (cm) by the female and male rats. C and D: Histograms showing % of time spent in open arms of the EPM by the female and male rats. The female rats: the negative control (n=11), maternal separation (n=12), and sevoflurane groups (n=14). The male rats: the negative control (n=11), maternal separation (n=12), and sevoflurane groups (n=14). Two additional groups of male rats were pretreated with either bumetanide (1.82 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, n=11) or RU28318 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, n=10) 15 min prior to initiation of anesthesia with sevoflurane for 6 h at P4, P5 or P6. * P=0.004 vs. facility rearing, #P=0.03 vs. corresponding female treatment group, @P=0.02 vs facility rearing (B); *P=0.03 vs. facility rearing (D).