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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Methods. 2015 Mar 28;84:109–114. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.03.016

Table 1.

Methods for engineering cartilage by cell self-assembly

Cell/tissue
format		 Number of
Cells		 Anatomic
shape		 Size Compressive
modulus
(kPa)		 Friction
coefficient		 Reference
Pressed layer of
centrifuged cells		 1.5×106 No Layer
5mm×5mm
0.1mm thick		 n/a n/a (29)
Pressed layer of
centrifuged cells		 1.5×106 No Layer
5mm×5mm
undefined
thickness		 ~570 n/a (30)
Cells centrifuged
onto agarose-
coated well		 5.5×106 No Disc
4mm dia.
1mm thick		 n/a n/a (5)
Cells centrifuged
onto a transwell		 5×105 No Disc
6.5mm dia.
1mm thick		 n/a n/a (13)
Pressed-mold
fused pellets		 6×106 No Disc
5mm dia
0.5 mm thick		 ~800 <0.05 (16)
Pressed-mold
fused pellets		 50×106 Yes Articular surface
1 mm thick		 n/a n/a (16)