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. 2015 Aug 6;6:164. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00164

Table 1.

Sequences for modifying interactions between cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling proteins and subcellular targeting.

Purpose Name and specifications Reference
Sequences for modifying protein–protein interactions
Binding to the D/D domain of PKA RII subunits Ht31 (AADLIEEAASRIVDAVIEQVKA). KD = 2.2 nM for RIIα; 1.3 μM for RIα Rosenmund et al. (1994), Alto et al. (2003)
AKAP-is (QIEYLAKQIVDNAIQQA). KD = 0.4 nM for RIIα, 277 nM for RIα Alto et al. (2003), Dodge-Kafka et al. (2005)
Super-AKAP-is (QIEYVAKQIVDYAIHQA). On filter assay binds RIIα 4× more and RIα 12.5× less efficiently than AKAP-is Gold et al. (2006)
AKB-RII (VQGNTDEAQEELLWKIAKMIVSDVMQQ). KD = 2.7 nM for RIIα, 2.5 μM for RIα Burns-Hamuro et al. (2003)
Binding to the D/D domain of PKA RI subunits RIAD (LEQYANQLADQIIKEATE). KD = 1 nM for RIα, 1800 nM for RIIα Carlson et al. (2006), Torheim et al. (2009)
AKB-RI (FEELAWKIAKMIWSDVFQQ). KD = 5.2 nM for RIα; 450 nM for RIIα Burns-Hamuro et al. (2003)
Localizing with type I PKA RIα (1–64) Di Benedetto et al. (2008)
Binding to AKAP anchoring helices RIIβ (amino acids 1–49) Di Benedetto et al. (2008)
Specifically binding to the AKAP18 anchoring helix RSelectAKAP18 (PKA RIIα 1–45 with I3V, I5L, T10D, Q14G substitutions) Gold et al. (2013a)
Binding to PDE4D mAKAP (1286–1831) Dodge-Kafka et al. (2005)
Sequences for subcellular targeting
Plasma membrane C-terminal addition of polybasic-CAAX sequence, e.g., GKKKKKKSKTKCVIM. CAAX box undergoes farnesylation DiPilato et al. (2004), Dyachok et al. (2006), Saucerman et al. (2006), Depry et al. (2011)
Plasma membrane (cholesterol-rich) N-terminal addition of Lyn kinase sequence, e.g., MGCIKSKRKDNLNDD, that undergoes myristoylation and palmitoylation Terrin et al. (2006), Depry et al. (2011), Sample et al. (2012)
Nuclear localization C-terminal addition of nuclear localization signal PKKKRKVEDA DiPilato et al. (2004), Terrin et al. (2006), Sample et al. (2012)
Nuclear export C-terminal addition of nuclear export sequence LPPLERLTL Sample et al. (2012)
Sarcoplasmic reticulum C-terminal addition of the helical transmembrane region (PQQARQKLQNLFINFCLILICLLLICIIVMLL) of phospholamban Liu et al. (2011)
Outer mitochondrial membrane N-terminal addition of the targeting peptide yTom70 Lefkimmiatis et al. (2013)
N-terminal addition of MitoDAKAP1 (MAIQLRSLFPLALPGMLALLGWWWFFSRKK), a mitochondrial signal sequence derived from D-AKAP1 Burns-Hamuro et al. (2003), DiPilato et al. (2004), Lim et al. (2007), Depry et al. (2011)
Mitochondrial matrix N-terminal addition of the mitochondrial matrix targeting signal encoded in the first 12 amino acids of subunit IV of human cytochrome oxidase c DiPilato et al. (2004), Lefkimmiatis et al. (2013)
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