Table 2.

Literature review of levetiracetam use in neonates

Ref.	Year of publication	No. of patients	Drugs used before LEV	Outcome: Seizure	No. of patients with HIE	Seizure outcome in HIE patients	Dosage (loading) (mg/kg)	Dosage (maintenance) (mg/kg per day)	Remarks
Shoemaker et al[4]	2007	3	PHB/MDZ/fPHT	All seizure free	1	Seizure controlled within 17 min of oral bolus	60 (oral)	30
Fürwentsches et al[5]	2010	6	PHB	All seizure free in 6 d	1	Seizure free	NA	10-50	Prospective
Ledet et al[6]	2010	1	PHB	Seizure free	0	NA	NA	40
Ramantani et al[7]	2011	38	NA	30 seizure free at 1 wk	9	NA	10	45-60	Prospective
Khan et al[8]	2011	22	PHB or PHT	19 seizure cessation at 1 h and 22 seizure free by 72 h	12	11 seizure cessation at 1 h
Abend et al[9]	2011	23	PHB or PHT	7 seizure terminated, 1 reduced seizure > 50%, 1 seizure terminated in > 24 h, 2 improvement in > 24 h, 8 no improvement, 1 unable to judge	8	2 seizure terminated, 2 reduced seizures > 50%, 1 improvement in > 24 h, 2 no improvement, 1 unable to judge	5-22	10-80	LEV as first drug in 4 cases
Aylward et al[10]	2011	1	fPHT	Partially responsive	0	NA	20	19
Sharpe et al[11]	2012	18	PHB	6 seizure controlled	8	NA	20-40	5-10
Rakshasbhuvankar et al[12]	2013	8	PHB/PHT/MDZ	6 "excellent", 1 partial, 1 ineffective	5	4 "excellent", 1 "partial"	5-10	10-35
Khan et al[13]	2013	12	PHB	9 seizure stopped in 24 h	5	3 seizure stopped in 24 h, 1 no response, 1 NA	25-50	50
Kirmani[14]	2014	12	PHB	10 seizure free by 72 h	5	NA	25-50	25-50

PHB: Phenobarbitone; PHT: Phenytoin; MDZ: Midazolam; fPHT: Fosphenytoin; NA: Not available or applicable; HIE: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; LEV: Levetiracetam.