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Gamification elements (N=52).
| Gamification elements | n (%) |
| Storyline | 26 (50) |
| Fantasy environment | 50 (96) |
| Competition | 31 (60) |
| Possibility of failure | 43 (83) |
| Leaderboards | 15 (29) |
| Clear expectations | 49 (94) |
| Score | 38 (73) |
| Ranking or standing | 10 (19) |
| Levels | 24 (46) |
| Real world prizes | 0 (0) |
