Table 2.

Causes of lactic acidosis

Type A lactic acidosis (oxygen supply: demand mismatch)

Shock

Sepsis

Seizure

Regional ischemia

Type B lactic acidosis

Excessive lactate production

Alcohols

Ethanol

Methanol

Ethylene glycol

Propylene glycol

Fructose metabolic defects

Diabetes mellitus

Impaired oxygen use

Disruption of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation

Cyanide intoxication

Carbon monoxide intoxication

Linezolid

Biguanides

Nucleoside analog reverse transcription inhibitors

Acetaminophen intoxication

Acquired defects of the TCA cycle

Thiamine deficiency

Nutritional

Cancer

Alcoholism

Gastrectomy

Congenital defects of

Pyruvate transport

TCA cycle enzymes

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Impaired lactate use

Liver disease

Kidney disease

TCA, tricarboxylic acid.