Table 2.
New sampling of taxa included for this study
| Species | Museum no. | Latitude | Longitude | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amietophrynus arabicus* | CAS 250888 | 25.2651 | 56.3068 | Oman |
| CAS 250889 | 25.2651 | 56.3068 | Oman | |
| CAS 250890 | 25.2651 | 56.3068 | Oman | |
| CAS 250907 | 25.387 | 56.2649 | Oman | |
| CAS 250908 | 25.387 | 56.2649 | Oman | |
| CAS 251024 | 22.6052 | 59.0886 | Oman | |
| CAS 251026 | 22.6052 | 59.0886 | Oman | |
| CAS 251027 | 22.6052 | 59.0886 | Oman | |
| CAS 251126 | 20.6888 | 58.2949 | Oman | |
| CAS 251127 | 20.6888 | 58.2949 | Oman | |
| CAS 251130 | 20.6888 | 58.2949 | Oman | |
| CAS 251147 | 23.0548 | 57.4679 | Oman | |
| CAS 251148 | 23.0548 | 57.4679 | Oman | |
| CAS 251149 | 23.0548 | 57.4679 | Oman | |
| CAS 251166 | 23.0713 | 57.6042 | Oman | |
| CAS 251167 | 23.0713 | 57.6042 | Oman | |
| MVZ 236403 | 15.3443 | 44.217 | Yemen | |
| MVZ 236407 | 15.4693 | 44.2618 | Yemen | |
| MVZ 236866 | 24.2633 | 56.1633 | Oman | |
| MVZ 241304 | 23.0525 | 57.4691 | Oman | |
| MVZ 241305 | 23.0525 | 57.4691 | Oman | |
| MVZ 241306 | 23.0713 | 57.6043 | Oman | |
| MVZ 241307 | 23.0713 | 57.6043 | Oman | |
| Amietophrynus asmarae | MVZ 257839 | Ethiopia | ||
| MVZ 257840 | Ethiopia | |||
| MVZ 257843 | Ethiopia | |||
| MVZ 257844 | Ethiopia | |||
| MVZ 257847 | Ethiopia | |||
| MVZ 257848 | Ethiopia | |||
| MVZ 257849 | Ethiopia | |||
| MVZ 257850 | Ethiopia | |||
| MVZ 257852 | Ethiopia | |||
| Amietophrynus blandfordii | MVZ 241309 | 9.9493 | 43.2193 | Somalia |
| MVZ 241313 | 9.9698 | 43.4325 | Somalia | |
| MVZ 241314 | 9.9698 | 43.4325 | Somalia | |
| MVZ 241316 | 9.9698 | 43.4325 | Somalia | |
| MVZ 241317 | 9.9698 | 43.4325 | Somalia | |
| MVZ 241318 | 9.9698 | 43.4325 | Somalia | |
| MVZ 242725 | 11.0261 | 49.193 | Somalia | |
| Amietophrynus dodsoni* | MVZ 241310 | 9.9493 | 43.2193 | Somalia |
| MVZ 241312 | 9.9493 | 43.2193 | Somalia | |
| Amietophrynus garmani | MVZ 257841 | Ethiopia | ||
| MVZ 257846 | Ethiopia | |||
| Amietophrynus mauritanicus | MVZ 235679 | 36.9641 | 8.8822 | Tunisia |
| Amietophrynus pentoni* | MVZ 235732 | 16.5796 | −15.8735 | Mauritania |
| MVZ 249297 | 9.24191 | −1.84415 | Ghana | |
| MVZ 249298 | 9.24191 | −1.84415 | Ghana | |
| Amietophrynus regularis | MVZ 235735 | 16.5165 | −15.8135 | Mauritania |
| MVZ 238858 | 13.5036 | 2.1135 | Niger | |
| MVZ 238859 | 13.5036 | 2.1135 | Niger | |
| MVZ 249302 | 9.259 | −1.8541 | Ghana | |
| Amietophrynus steindachneri | MVZ 234101 | −3.1999 | 40.0077 | Kenya |
| MVZ 234102 | −3.1999 | 40.0077 | Kenya | |
| Amietophrynus tihamicus* | MVZ 236409 | 14.8238 | 43.1273 | Yemen |
| MVZ 236413 | 14.8238 | 43.1273 | Yemen | |
| Amietophrynus xeros | MVZ 235737 | 16.5165 | −15.8135 | Mauritania |
| MVZ 238867 | 17.3868 | 7.9563 | Niger | |
| MVZ 238868 | 17.3868 | 7.9563 | Niger | |
| “Bufo” sp. | MVZ 242731 | 11.2493 | 49.2678 | Somalia |
| MVZ 242732 | 11.2493 | 49.2678 | Somalia | |
| MVZ 242733 | 11.2493 | 49.2678 | Somalia | |
| MVZ 242776 | 11.0261 | 49.193 | Somalia | |
| Bufotes oblongus | MVZ 241548 | 36.2797 | 60.548 | Iran |
| MVZ 245904 | 32.8198 | 59.2171 | Iran | |
| MVZ 245905 | 32.8198 | 59.2171 | Iran | |
| MVZ 245906 | 32.8198 | 59.2171 | Iran | |
| MVZ 245910 | 33.631 | 57.1616 | Iran | |
| MVZ 245911 | 33.631 | 57.1616 | Iran | |
| MVZ 245912 | 33.631 | 57.1616 | Iran | |
| MVZ 245917 | 35.9666 | 56.0684 | Iran | |
| MVZ 248374 | 36.2688 | 60.5357 | Iran | |
| MVZ 248376 | 37.7194 | 55.9001 | Iran | |
| MVZ 249177 | 37.7332 | 55.9006 | Iran | |
| MVZ 249178 | 37.7332 | 55.9006 | Iran | |
| Bufotes pseudoraddei | MVZ 241550 | 36.5 | 74.8666 | Pakistan |
| MVZ 241551 | 36.5 | 74.8666 | Pakistan | |
| MVZ 241552 | 36.5 | 74.8666 | Pakistan | |
| MVZ 241553 | 35.8833 | 71.7833 | Pakistan | |
| MVZ 241554 | 36.0663 | 72.5166 | Pakistan | |
| MVZ 248375 | 36.5 | 74.87 | Pakistan | |
| Bufotes surdus | MVZ 234217 | 29.4441 | 60.5136 | Iran |
| MVZ 234218 | 29.4441 | 60.5136 | Iran | |
| MVZ 234219 | 29.4441 | 60.5136 | Iran | |
| MVZ 234238 | 27.8763 | 60.0955 | Iran | |
| MVZ 234239 | 28.6066 | 61.0771 | Iran | |
| MVZ 234240 | 28.6066 | 61.0771 | Iran | |
| Bufotes variabilis | MVZ 234222 | 32.9395 | 48.2558 | Iran |
| MVZ 234223 | 32.9395 | 48.2558 | Iran | |
| MVZ 234241 | 31.2133 | 49.2173 | Iran | |
| MVZ 234242 | 31.2133 | 49.2173 | Iran | |
| MVZ 238503 | 29.615 | 52.5386 | Iran | |
| Duttaphrynus dhufarensis | MVZ 241308 | 26.1503 | 56.1606 | Oman |
| MVZ 242729 | 23.0655 | 57.4701 | Oman | |
| MVZ 242774 | 17.1001 | 54.284 | Oman | |
| MVZ 242775 | 23.0655 | 57.4701 | Oman | |
| Duttaphrynus himalayanus | MVZ 241543 | 28.598 | 83.6469 | Himalayas |
| MVZ 241544 | 28.598 | 83.6469 | Himalayas | |
| Duttaphrynus melanostictus | MVZ 226298 | 21.4536 | 105.6436 | Vietnam |
| MVZ 239140 | −3.957 | 122.5315 | Indonesia | |
| Duttaphrynus olivaceus | MVZ 234225 | 27.2035 | 60.6785 | Iran |
| MVZ 234226 | 27.1853 | 60.5895 | Iran | |
| MVZ 234227 | 27.1853 | 60.5895 | Iran | |
| MVZ 234228 | 27.1853 | 60.5895 | Iran | |
| MVZ 234235 | 25.2563 | 60.8326 | Iran | |
| MVZ 234236 | 25.2563 | 60.8326 | Iran | |
| MVZ 234237 | 25.2703 | 60.7553 | Iran | |
| Duttaphrynus stomaticus | MVZ 237424 | 34.4366 | 70.4483 | Afghanistan |
| MVZ 248377 | 25.7768 | 66.6256 | Pakistan | |
| MVZ 248378 | 25.7768 | 66.6256 | Pakistan | |
| MVZ 248379 | 25.7768 | 66.6256 | Pakistan | |
| MVZ 248380 | 24.3516 | 70.7573 | Pakistan | |
| MVZ 248382 | 24.3516 | 70.7573 | Pakistan | |
| MVZ 248383 | 24.3516 | 70.7573 | Pakistan | |
| Duttaphrynus stuarti | CAS 242587 | 27.7746 | 98.3354 | China |
Museum numbers in bold represent samples included in the dating analyses. Complete information about gene sampling is included in Additional file 2. Asterisks indicate new name combinations for species.