Table 3.
Associations between area of residence (urban vs. rural) and cytokine production for each culture condition in which different models represent adjustments for different sets of variables
| Stimulus/Cytokine | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
| Spontaneous production | |||
| IL-5 (n = 418) | 1.42 (0.93;2.15) | 1.00 (0.52;1.92) | 0.95 (0.48;1.87) |
| IL-13 (n = 418) | 1.54 (1.01;2.37) | 0.67 (0.34;1.32) | 0.53 (0.26;1.07) |
| IFN-γ (n = 417) | 1.88 (1.19;2.98) | 1.67 (0.83;3.37) | 1.50 (0.72;3.10) |
| IL-10 (n = 415) | 1.86 (1.05;3.32) | 2.64 (1.12;6.22) | 2.56 (1.05;6.24) |
| IL-17 (n = 416) | 0.83 (0.37;1.84) | 2.13 (0.66;6.84) | 1.61 (0.48;5.42) |
| Ascaris lumbricoides | |||
| IL-5 (n = 418) | 0.75 (0.48;1.15) | 1.50 (0.75;3.00) | 1.53 (0.74;3.15) |
| IL-13 (n = 418) | 0.66 (0.44;1.01) | 1.14 (0.59;2.22) | 1.29 (0.65;2.57) |
| IFN-γ (n = 417) | 1.35 (0.78;2.33) | 1.73 (0.72;4.12) | 1.67 (0.67;4.14) |
| IL-10 (n = 416) | 1.83 (1.08;3.11) | 2.43 (1.09;5.38) | 2.51 (1.09;5.79) |
| IL-17 (n = 416) | 0.69 (0.33;1.47) | 0.79 (0.27;2.34) | 0.61 (0.19;1.95) |
| House dust mite | |||
| IL-5 (n = 418) | 1.73 (1.06;2.82) | 2.06 (0.98;4.29) | 2.09 (0.97;4.52) |
| IL-13 (n = 418) | 0.89 (0.58;1.35) | 1.54 (0.80;2.99) | 1.48 (0.74;2.94) |
| IFN-γ (n = 417) | 1.45 (0.85;2.46) | 1.63 (0.68;3.92) | 1.57 (0.64;3.87) |
| IL-10 (n = 416) | 2.42 (1.54;3.78) | 1.83 (0.91;3.68) | 2.24 (1.07;4.70) |
| IL-17 (n = 411) | 1.22 (0.57;2.61) | 1.63 (0.61;4.38) | 1.63 (0.57;4.67) |
Model 1 adjusted for age and sex
Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, Giardia, maternal education and bathroom
Model 3 adjusted for age, sex, worm infection (Ascaris and or Trichuris), maternal education and bathroom
Odd ratios (OR) calculated using logistic regression
ORs in bold with P < 0.05