Figure 1.

A, Experiment IIb: dams were exposed to either 0.5% w/w TCC-supplemented or control chow from GD 5 to PND 14. On PND 1, healthy age-matched pups (•, n = 3) born to the reserve control litters were added to replace half (□, n = 3) of the pups raised by TCC-treated dams to maintain normal suckling activity. On PND 3, the same procedure was conducted, 3 healthy pups (♦) born to the reserve control dams were added to treated dams to replace the pups (•) previously transferred on PND 1 from reserve control dams. At PND 6, the procedure was again conducted and 3 healthy age-matched pups (O) born to the reserve control dams were added to treated dams to replace the remaining 3 pups (□) originally born to 0.5% w/w-treated dams. The same substitution procedure was conducted once more on PND 9 with 3 pups (♥) transferred from reserve control dams to treated dams replacing the reserve pups (♦) transferred on PND 3. All dams were sacrificed on PND 14. B, Experiment III: cross-fostering design within each dam group (control, 0.2% w/w, and 0.5%w/w; n = 5 dams per group). Pregnant SD rats continued on respective treatment with TCC from GD 5 to PND 21. Crossover was conducted on PND 0. Each dam nursed 2 of their own pups and 2 pups from each of the other 2 treatment groups (∇: pups born to control dams; O: pups born to 0.2% w/w TCC-treated dams; and □: pups born to 0.5% w/w TCC-treated dams). Dams were euthanized on PND 21 or on the date that all pups died. Surviving offspring were continued on respective treatments until PND 54. TCC indicates triclocarban; GD, gestational day; PND, postnatal day; SD, Sprague Dawley.