Table 3. Adjusted Risk Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals of Factors Associated with Use of Level 2 or 3 Drugs with Anticholinergic Properties (DAP) alone and combined with Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (AChEIs) use among Medicare Beneficiaries with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias residing in a Nursing Home 2007-2008 (N = 69, 877).

Predictor	Level 2 or 3 DAP	Level 2 or 3 DAP and AChEI
Sex
Male	Reference	Reference
Female	0.91 (0.88 – 0.95)	0.91 (0.85 – 0.97)
Age in years
66-74	Reference	Reference
75-84	0.83 (0.80 – 0.86)	1.12 (1.03 – 1.22)
85-94	0.70 (0.67 – 0.72)	0.84 (0.77 – 0.91)
≥95	0.56 (0.52 – 0.59)	0.44 (0.38 – 0.53)
Race
White	Reference	Reference
African American	0.77 (0.74 – 0.80)	0.81 (0.74 – 0.89)
Other	0.89 (0.83 – 0.94)	0.93 (0.81 – 1.05)
Cognitive Performance Score
Low impairment (0-1)	Reference	Reference
Moderate impairment (2-3)	1.01 (0.97 – 1.05)	1.09 (1.05 – 1.13)
High impairment (4-6)	0.89 (0.85 – 0.94)	1.03 (0.98 – 1.09)
Activities of Daily Living Scorea
Low (0-7)	Reference	Reference
Mild (8-14)	0.99 (0.96 – 1.03)	0.97 (0.937 – 1.01)
Moderate (15-21)	0.94 (0.91 – 0.98)	0.92 (0.88 – 0.96)
High (22-28)	0.78 (0.74 – 0.81)	0.82 (0.78 – 0.86)
Aggressive behavior
None (0)	Reference	Reference
Moderate (1-2)	1.22 (1.19 – 1.26)	1.04 (1.02 – 1.06)
Severe (≥ 3)	1.44 (1.38 – 1.49)	1.08 (1.05 – 1.12)
Coverage
Fee for service	Reference	Reference
Medicare Advantage	0.85 (0.81 – 0.88)	0.73 (0.73 – 0.81)
Both	0.92 (0.87 – 0.97)	0.90 (0.81 – 1.00)
Comorbidities
Atrial fibrillation	1.06 (1.02 – 1.10)	1.06 (0.99 - 1.13)
Congestive heart failure	0.98 (0.95 – 1.01)	1.08 (1.04 – 1.11)
COPDb	0.94 (0.91 – 0.97)	1.00 (0.95 – 1.06)
Depression	0.83 (0.81 – 0.86)	0.97 (0.94 – 0.99)
Diabetes	1.00 (0.97 – 1.03)	1.05 (0.99 – 1.10)
Ischemic heart disease	0.98 (0.94 – 1.01)	0.96 (0.91 – 1.02)
Kidney disease	1.04 (1.00 – 1.07)	1.07 (1.01 – 1.14)
Stroke/TIAc	1.01 (0.98 – 1.04)	1.06 (1.00 – 1.12)
Low income subsidy	0.91 (0.87 – 0.95)	0.99 (0.94 – 1.04)

^alow scores indicate more independence;

^bChronic obstructive pulmonary disorder;

^cTransient ischemic attack