Anti-inflammatory effects of GW3965-encapsulated NPs in vitro and in vivo. Peritoneal macrophages were incubated with PBS vehicle, free GW3965, or the indicated NPs at an equivalent GW3965 concentration of 1 μM. At 18 hours post incubation, the cells were treated for an additional 6 hours with 100ng/ml LPS. The upper medium was collected and tested for MCP-1 and TNFα production from cells by ELISA (A), and MCP-1 and TNFα gene expression was determined by qRT-PCR (B). (C) WT male mice (n=5) were i.p. administered vehicle, free GW3965 (10mg/kg), or an equivalent dose of GW3965-encapsulated NPs, followed by i.p. injections of Zymosan (100 μg). Four hours afterwards, peritoneum exudates were tested for MCP-1 and TNFα production by ELISA. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.01, as compared with the control group.