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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015 Jan 24;86(12):1324–1330. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309421

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Comparison of individual biomarkers between patients with Binswanger’s disease (BD) and non-BD, including multiple infarcts (MI), mixed Alzheimer’s disease/vascular cognitive impairment (MX), leucoaraiosis (LA). (A) Albumin index (ratio of cerebrospinal fluid albumin to serum albumin) shows significant elevation in BD, suggesting disruption of the blood-brain barrier. (B) N-acetylaspartate (NAA) measured in white matter by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was significantly lower in BD due to ischaemic injury to the white matter. (C) Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) index was significantly reduced in BD. (D) Mean blood-brain barrier permeability, Ki, measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was elevated in BD. Numbers in parentheses represent statistical significance.