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. 2015 Apr 8;35(8):1339–1347. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.56

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Multitrauma increases GFAP and neutrophil expression, and exacerbates BBB disruption and edema. (A) Western blotting indicated increased expression of the astrogliosis marker GFAP in the brain tissue of MULTI mice in comparison with SHAM and FX groups at 24 hours and 35 days after injury. TBI mice had increased GFAP expression compared with FX mice at 24 hours after injury. (B) Western blotting indicated increased neutrophil expression in the brain tissue of MULTI mice in comparison with SHAM and FX groups at 24 hours after injury. (C) MULTI mice had increased Evans blue extravasation in brain tissue, indicating BBB damage, compared with all other groups. (D) MULTI mice had increased brain water content, indicating edema, compared with all other groups. TBI mice had increased brain water content compared with SHAM and FX groups. ***Greater than all other groups; **Greater than SHAM and FX groups; *Greater than FX group; P<0.05. BBB, blood-brain barrier; FX, tibial fracture; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; MULTI, multitrauma; SHAM, sham-injuries; TBI, traumatic brain injury.