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. 2015 Apr 22;35(8):1260–1271. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.59

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Methamphetamine (METH) upregulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the mouse striatum. Mice were administered with METH (4 × 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.), 2 hours apart) and killed 2 hours after the last injection. (A) Representative images of TNF-α and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity showing a colocalization of the cytokine with astrocytes and vessels. (A, B) Quantification of both proteins shows a significant increase in (B) TNF-α levels that was prevented by the blockade of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway with BAY, but (C) no alteration in general GFAP levels. Total brain sections were also stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Scale bar=20 μm. The results shown are means+S.E.M, n=18 visual fields acquired from three different animals of each experimental condition. ***P<0.001 significantly different when compared with the control (CTR); +++P<0.001 significantly different when compared with METH using Bonferroni's Multiple comparison test.