Table 3.
Changes in NPRS and ODI Scores Following 4 Weeks of Physical Therapya

Values are reported as mean (95% confidence interval), unless otherwise indicated. Number of visits are reported as mean±SD. NPRS=numerical pain rating scale, ODI=Oswestry Disability Index, SBT=STarT Back Tool.
b Effect sizes (Cohen d) were calculated using the following formula: [(stratified care group change score – standard care group change score)/pooled standard deviation].