Table 1.
Characteristics of patients according to adenoma case, n (%)
| Adenoma (n = 112) | No adenoma (n = 112) | P value | |
| Age (yr), mean ± SD | 60.3 ± 5.3 | 59.5 ± 5.4 | 0.37 |
| Men | 57 (50.9) | 57 (50.9) | Matched |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL), mean ± SD | 15.7 ± 5.8 | 16.8 ± 5.6 | 0.16 |
| 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL | 91 (81.3) | 82 (73.2) | 0.12 |
| Education | 0.54 | ||
| Elementary school graduate | 16 (14.3) | 10 (9.1) | |
| Middle school graduate | 25 (22.3) | 31 (28.2) | |
| High school graduate | 50 (44.6) | 46 (41.8) | |
| College graduate or above | 21 (18.8) | 23 (20.9) | |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SD | 87.0 ± 7.8 | 84.6 ± 6.7 | 0.02 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.10 | ||
| 18.5 < BMI < 23 | 33 (29.5) | 36 (32.1) | |
| 23 ≤ BMI < 25 | 32 (28.6) | 45 (40.2) | |
| 25 ≤ BMI | 47 (41.9) | 31 (27.7) | |
| Family history | 0.53 | ||
| Yes | 6 (5.4) | 4 (3.6) | |
| No | 106 (94.6) | 108 (96.4) | |
| Smoking status | 0.29 | ||
| Non smoker | 56 (50.9) | 64 (57.7) | |
| Past smoker | 37 (33.6) | 31 (27.9) | |
| Current smoker | 17 (15.5) | 16 (14.4) | |
| Alcohol drinking status | 0.002 | ||
| Never drinker | 41 (36.6) | 57 (50.9) | |
| Past drinker | 6 (5.4) | 6 (5.4) | |
| Current drinker | 65 (58.0) | 49 (43.8) | |
| Physical activity (MET-hr/wk), mean ± SD | 29.0 ± 32.0 | 24.3 ± 25.2 | 0.22 |
| Supplement use | 0.08 | ||
| Yes | 42 (37.5) | 56 (50.0) | |
| No | 70 (62.5) | 56 (50.0) | |
| Red meat intake | 0.34 | ||
| ≤ 1/mo | 11 (10.1) | 10 (8.9) | |
| 2-4/mo | 77 (70.6) | 88 (78.6) | |
| ≥ 2/wk | 21 (19.3) | 14 (12.5) | |
| Energy intake (kcal/d), mean ± SD | 1688.8 ± 581.9 | 1692.4 ± 488.4 | 0.96 |
P values were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel test for categorical variables and the paired t test on loge-transformed variables. BMI: Body mass index.