Table 3.
Included studies of circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and colorectal adenoma
| First author, year | Country (sex) | Study design | study dates | Endpoint | Type of endoscopy | 25(OH)D, mean or median | No. of cases/controls | 25(OH)D levels in the highest vs lowest categories | OR (95%Cl) |
| Platz, 2000 | United States (W) | Prospective study | 1989-1996 | First adenoma | Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy | 26.4 in cases and 26.8 ng/mL in controls, mean | 326/326 | 38.0 ng/mL vs 16.3 ng/mL, median | 1.00 (ref), 0.64, 0.58, 1.04 (0.66-1.66) |
| Levine, 2001 | United States (M, W) | Case-control study | 1991-1993 | First adenoma | Sigmoidoscopy | 25.6 in cases and 26.9 ng/mL in controls, mean | 473/506 | 34.3-115 ng/mL vs 1-15.2 ng/mL, range | 1.00 (ref), 0.99, 0.86, 0.74 (0.51-1.09) |
| Peters, 2001 | United States (M, W) | Case-control study | 1994-1996 | First (61%) or recurrent adenoma | Colonoscopy (86.2%) or sigmoidoscopy | 24.7 in cases and 26.5 ng/mL in controls, median | 236/218 | 33.7-67.2 ng/mL vs 5.3-19.4 ng/mL, range | 1.0(ref), 0.40, 0.67, 0.47, 0.43(0.23-0.81) |
| Grau, 2003 | United States (M, W) | Prospective study | 1992-1996 | Recurrent adenoma | Colonoscopy | 29.1 ng/mL, median | 376/422 | - | 0.99 (0.91-1.07) OR for serum vitD levels per 12 (1SD) units increase |
| Peters, 2004 | United States (M, W) | Prospective study | 1993-1999 | First advanced adenoma | Sigmoidoscopy | 27.0 in cases and 28.3 ng/mL in controls, mean | 394/397 | - | 0.87 (0.75-1.01) OR for serum vitD levels per 10 units increase. |
| Miller, 2007 | United States (M, W) | Cross-sectional study | 1998-2000 | First adenoma | Colonoscopy | 27.5 in cases and 31.4 ng/mL in controls, mean | 111/238 | > 33.8 ng/mL vs < 20.8 ng/mL, range | 1.00 (ref), 0.74, 0.51 (0.27-0.98) |
| Takahashi, 2010 | Japan (M) | Case-control study | 1997-2004 | First adenoma | Colonoscopy | 26.2 in cases and 26.1 ng/mL in controls, mean | 656/648 | ≥ 30 ng/mL vs < 22 ng/ml, range | 1.00 (ref), 1.21, 1.21, 1.25 (0.85-1.84) |
| Fedirko, 2010 | United States (M, W) | Pooled case-control study | 1991-2002 | First adenoma | Colonoscopy | 24.5 in cases and 25.5 ng/mL in controls, mean | 616/770 | 1.00 (ref), 0.77, 0.85, 0.59 (0.41-0.84) | |
| Adams, 2011 | United States (M, W) | Cross-sectional study | 1998- 2003 | Fitst or recurrent adenoma | Colonoscopy | 23.1 in cases and 24.9 ng/mL in controls, mean | 149/ 225 | > 28.9 ng/mL vs ≤ 20.5 ng/ml, range | 1.00 (ref), 0.97, 0.71 (0.38-1.30) |
| Ashktorab, 2011 | United States (M, W) | Case-control study | Colonoscopy | 41.2 in cases and 41.4 ng/mL in controls, mean | 93/187 | > 57.7 ng/mL vs < 29.5 ng/mL, range | 1.00 (ref), 1.4, 1.9, 0.6 (0.3-1.4) | ||
| Hong, 2012 | Korea (M, W) | Case-control study | 2009-2010 | First adenoma | Colonoscopy | 20.0 in cases and 25.0 ng/mL in controls, mean | 143/ 143 | ≥ 23.9 ng/mL vs < 14.3 ng/mL, range | 1.00 (ref), 0.87, 0.40, 0.38 (0.18-0.80) |
| Yamaji, 2012 | Japan (M,W) | Cross-sectional study | 2004-2005 | First adenoma | Colonoscopy | 737/ 703 | 32 ng/mL vs 16 ng/mL, median | 1.00 (ref), 0.86, 0.91, 1.03, 0.64 (0.45-0.92) | |
| Jacobs, 2013 | United States (M, W) | Prospective study | 1990-1999 | Recurrent adenoma | Colonoscopy | 942/ 1132 | > 30 ng/mL vs < 20 ng/mL, range | 1.00 (ref), 0.91, 0.95 (0.73-1.24) | |
| Aigner, 2014 | Austria (W) | Cross-sectional study | 2010-2013 | First adenoma | Colonoscopy | 22.8 ng/mL in women | 90/629 | 0.976 (0.954-0.999) for 1 ng/mL increment | |
| Choi, 2015 (our study) | Korea (M, W) | Case-control study | 2011-2012 | First or recurrent(5%) adenoma | Colonoscopy | 15.7 ng/mL in cases and 16.6 in controls | 112/112 | 23.4 ng/mL vs 10.0 ng/mL, mean | 1.00 (ref), 0.72, 0.73, 0.49 (0.19-1.27) |