Table 3.
Clinical findings in the subjects
| Forward portal flow | Non-forward portal flow | P value | |
| Number of subjects | 198 | 24 | |
| Age (yr), mean ± SD (range) | 61.9 ± 10.9 (35-89) | 60.0 ± 12.6 (20-78) | 0.4070 |
| Sex (male/female) | 110/88 | 10/14 | 0.1973 |
| Etiology (Virus/Alcohol/NASH/PBC/AIH/others) | 93/33/9/20/11/32 | 8/4/1/4/0/7 | 0.4003 |
| Ascites (-/+/++)1 | 137/32/29 | 14/6/4 | 0.4949 |
| Esophageal varices (-/+)2 | 73/125 | 10/14 | 0.6464 |
| Gastric varices (-/+)2 | 155/43 | 13/11 | 0.0093 |
| History of variceal bleeding (-/+)2 | 140/58 | 18/6 | 0.6610 |
| History of variceal treatment (-/+)2 | 152/46 | 18/6 | 0.8469 |
| Spleen (cm2), mean ± SD (range) | 28.9 ± 12.9 (10.3-99.6) | 29.0 ± 16.4 (10.5-90.5) | 0.9900 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy (-/+)3 | 190/8 | 23/1 | 0.9764 |
| Child-Pugh (A/B/C) | 92/84/22 | 6/9/9 | 0.0015 |
| Decompensated cirrhosis (-/+)2 | 92/106 | 7/17 | 0.1074 |
| Model for end-stage liver disease score4, mean ± SD (range) | 11.0 ± 3.9 (6-24) | 13.1 ± 4.8 (6-24) | 0.0335 |
| Blood test | |||
| Bilirubin (mg/dL), mean ± SD (range) | 1.8 ± 2.0 (0.3-16.9) | 3.2 ± 3.3 (0.6-13.4) | 0.0578 |
| Albumin (g/dL), mean ± SD (range) | 3.4 ± 0.6 (1.5-4.7) | 3.1 ± 0.5 (1.8-3.9) | 0.0039 |
| Prothrombin time (%), mean ± SD (range) | 69.0 ± 17.9 (29-133) | 62.5 ± 21.4 (19-106) | 0.1026 |
| Platelet count (× 104/μL), mean ± SD (range) | 9.5 ± 5.9 (1.7-43.9) | 10.8 ± 6.0 (2.5-23.3) | 0.2976 |
1
Ascites -: none; +: mild; ++: moderate to severe:
2
-: absence; +: presence;
3
Hepatic encephalopathy -: grades 0-I; +: grades II-IV (West-Haven grading system);
4
Forty-seven patients were excluded because prothrombin time-international normalized ratio was not measured in our hospital until 2004. AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; PBC: Primary biliary cirrhosis.