Table 1.
Socio-demographic, smoking and product use characteristics by study group.
| Total (N = 144) | EC users |
NRT users |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ex-smoker (N = 36) | Smoker (N = 36) | Ex-smoker (N = 36) | Smoker (N = 36) | ||
| Socio-demographics | |||||
| Mean age (SD) | 38.6 (11.0) | 38.5 (11.1) | 39.3 (13.1) | 40.3 (11.1) | 36.4 (8.5) |
| % Male (N) | 61.8 (89) | 80.6 (29)a | 69.4 (25)a | 58.3 (21)a,b | 38.9 (14)b |
| % White (N) | 70.1 (101) | 83.3 (30) | 75.0 (27) | 63.9 (23) | 58.3 (21) |
| % Married/cohabiting (N) | 42.4 (61) | 33.3 (12)a,b | 27.9 (10)a | 61.1 (22)b | 47.2 (17)a,b |
| % University degree (N) | 56.2 (81) | 50.0 (18) | 50.0 (18) | 58.3 (21) | 66.7 (24) |
| Smoking characteristics | |||||
| Mean length of smoking, years (SD) | 18.9 (11.1) | 19.0 (11.5) | 21.5 (12.2) | 17.1 (10.5) | 18.0 (10.1) |
| Mean cigarettes per daya (SD) | 13.5 (8.6) | 16.5 (8.0)a | 11.9 (9.6)a,b | 14.7 (10.3)a,b | 10.8 (4.6)b |
| Mean length stopped smoking, months (SD) | 18.1 (17.5) | 19.7 (15.7) | – | 16.5 (19.2) | - |
| Mean FTCD (SD) | 3.0 (2.1) | – | 3.1 (1.9) | – | 2.8 (2.2) |
| % Currently trying to cut down | 84.5 (60) | – | 80.0 (28) | – | 88.9 (32) |
| Mean MTTS (SD) | 4.5 (1.8) | – | 3.9 (2.1)a | – | 5.1 (1.4)b |
| Mean number of quit attempts in the past year (SD) | 1.3 (1.7) | – | 0.8 (1.0)a | – | 1.7 (2.0)b |
| Mean CO level in ppm (SD) | 5.5 (5.4) | 2.8 (1.1)a | 8.3 (5.5)b | 3.3 (3.2)a | 7.7 (7.2)b |
| Productbuse characteristics | |||||
| Mean length of product use, months (SD) | 16.6 (17.0) | 20.1 (15.4) | 14.5 (9.1) | 15.8 (24.8) | 16.0 (15.0) |
| Mean product use, nicotine mg/day (SD) | 21.0 (25.9) | 32.6 (34.1)a | 20.5 (33.0)a,b | 17.0 (15.6)a,b | 13.1 (7.8)b |
| % Use product within 1 h of waking (N) | 56.9 (82) | 80.6 (29)a | 44.4 (16)b | 63.9 (23)a,b | 38.9 (14)b |
FTCD – Fagerstrom test of cigarette dependence (Fagerstrom 2012); MTSS – Motivation to stop scale (Kotz et al., 2013); NRT – nicotine replacement therapy; EC – electronic cigarette; CO – carbon-monoxide. Different letters between groups indicate significant differences at p < 0.05.
a
Current consumption for smokers, past consumption for ex-smokers.
b
Product’ refers to NRT or EC.