AICAR increases β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity to regulate GATA3 expression.
A, ChIP assay of β-catenin binding at the GATA3 promoter (pro) under the specified conditions for 48 h. A neighbor region of the GATA3 gene without transcripts (Non-pro) was used as a negative binding control region, and nonspecific IgG was used as a negative control for chromatin pulldown. B, ChIP assay of TCF binding at the GATA3 promoter under the specified conditions for 48 h. A neighbor region of GATA3 gene without transcripts was used as a negative binding control region, and nonspecific IgG was used as a negative control for chromatin pulldown. C, TCF/LEF luciferase reporter assays in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes without or with AICAR (0.5 mm) treatment for 24 h together without or with AMPK knockdown (KD) and relative luciferase activities were measured. D, ChIP assay of the CtBP binding at the GATA3 promoter under the specified conditions for 48 h. A neighbor region of the GATA3 gene without transcripts was used as a negative binding control region, and nonspecific IgG was used as a negative control for chromatin pulldown. One-way ANOVA was used in C, and bar graphs are mean ± S.E. In vitro data are the means of three independent experiments. *, p < 0.05.