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Effects of XOS supplementation on gut microbiota in Pre-DM subjects (n = 13). (A) Pie charts display the mean abundance of indicated phyla of Pre-DM subjects receiving placebo (n = 6) and XOS (n = 7) at baseline and week 8. (B) Bar graph of genera shows significant difference in abundance between placebo and XOS groups. Values are presented as mean ± standard error (SE) *P ≤ 0.05.
