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. 2015 Aug 8;7(16):2041–2052. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i16.2041

Table 1.

Characteristics of published studies which assess the relationship between physical activity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2010-2015)

Ref. n NAFLD assessment Design Parameter studied Type of activity intervention Nutrition intervention Exercise
Frequency Intensity Duration Intervention duration
Hallsworth et al[26] 37 H-MRS P Sedentary and physical activity time Activity monitor No NA NA NA 7 d
Gerber et al[14] 1263 Fatty liver index > 60 C Level of physical activity Activity monitor No NA NA NA 7 d
Oh et al[33] 18 US, H-MRS P Hepatic steatosis Acceleration No 2 × wk NA 20 min 12 wk
Kawaguchi et al[32] 35 US P Hepatic steatosis Hybrid Yes 2 × wk NA 20 min 12 wk
Kistler et al[34] 813 Liver biopsy R Physical activity, NAS None (self-report) No NA Inactive, moderate, vigorous NA NA
Haus et al[36] 17 H-MRS P IR, intrahepatic TG content Aerobic No Consecutive days 80%-85% max heart rate 50-60 min 7 d
Promrat et al[38] 31 Liver biopsy RCT NAS Aerobic Yes Weekly Moderate 200 min 48 wk
Pugh et al[39] 13 US, liver enzymes RCT Cutaneous microvascular function Aerobic No 3 × wk Moderate 30-45 min 16 wk
Pugh et al[40] 34 US, liver enzymes RCT Microvascular function Aerobic No 3 × wk Moderate 30-45 min 16 wk
Sullivan et al[27] 18 H-MRS RCT Intrahepatic TG content, lipid kinetics Aerobic No 5 × wk Moderate 30-60 min 16 wk
Jin et al[23] 120 Liver biopsy R Steatosis by histology Aerobic Yes 3 × wk NA 20 min No set length
Oh et al[28] 52 US P Hepatic steatosis Aerobic Yes 3 × wk Max HR > 40% 90 min 3 mo
Sun et al[24] 1087 US, liver enzymes RCT Metabolic parameters Aerobic Yes NA NA NA 12 mo
Zelber-Sagi et al[30] 82 US RCT Hepatic steatosis Resistance No 3 × wk NA 40 min 3 mo
Hallsworth et al[29] 21 H-MRS RCT Intrahepatic lipid content Resistance No 3 × wk NA 45-50 min 8 wk
Bacchi et al[43] 31 MRI RCT Hepatic steatosis Resistance and aerobic No 3 × wk Moderate 60 min 4 mo
Eckard et al[21] 41 Liver biopsy P Histology Resistance and aerobic Yes 4-7 × wk Moderate 20-60 min 6 mo
Oh et al[35] 169 US RCT Hepatic steatosis Aerobic Yes Weekly Vigorous 150->250 min 12 wk

NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; DM: Diabetes mellitus; US: Ultrasound; P: Prospective; R: Retrospective; C: Cross-sectional; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; NAS: NAFLD activity score; IR: Insulin resistance; TG: Triglycerides; NA: Not assessed; HR: Heart rate; H-MRS: Hydrogen-magnetic resonance spectroscopy; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.