Table 1.
Ref. | n | NAFLD assessment | Design | Parameter studied | Type of activity intervention | Nutrition intervention |
Exercise |
|||
Frequency | Intensity | Duration | Intervention duration | |||||||
Hallsworth et al[26] | 37 | H-MRS | P | Sedentary and physical activity time | Activity monitor | No | NA | NA | NA | 7 d |
Gerber et al[14] | 1263 | Fatty liver index > 60 | C | Level of physical activity | Activity monitor | No | NA | NA | NA | 7 d |
Oh et al[33] | 18 | US, H-MRS | P | Hepatic steatosis | Acceleration | No | 2 × wk | NA | 20 min | 12 wk |
Kawaguchi et al[32] | 35 | US | P | Hepatic steatosis | Hybrid | Yes | 2 × wk | NA | 20 min | 12 wk |
Kistler et al[34] | 813 | Liver biopsy | R | Physical activity, NAS | None (self-report) | No | NA | Inactive, moderate, vigorous | NA | NA |
Haus et al[36] | 17 | H-MRS | P | IR, intrahepatic TG content | Aerobic | No | Consecutive days | 80%-85% max heart rate | 50-60 min | 7 d |
Promrat et al[38] | 31 | Liver biopsy | RCT | NAS | Aerobic | Yes | Weekly | Moderate | 200 min | 48 wk |
Pugh et al[39] | 13 | US, liver enzymes | RCT | Cutaneous microvascular function | Aerobic | No | 3 × wk | Moderate | 30-45 min | 16 wk |
Pugh et al[40] | 34 | US, liver enzymes | RCT | Microvascular function | Aerobic | No | 3 × wk | Moderate | 30-45 min | 16 wk |
Sullivan et al[27] | 18 | H-MRS | RCT | Intrahepatic TG content, lipid kinetics | Aerobic | No | 5 × wk | Moderate | 30-60 min | 16 wk |
Jin et al[23] | 120 | Liver biopsy | R | Steatosis by histology | Aerobic | Yes | 3 × wk | NA | 20 min | No set length |
Oh et al[28] | 52 | US | P | Hepatic steatosis | Aerobic | Yes | 3 × wk | Max HR > 40% | 90 min | 3 mo |
Sun et al[24] | 1087 | US, liver enzymes | RCT | Metabolic parameters | Aerobic | Yes | NA | NA | NA | 12 mo |
Zelber-Sagi et al[30] | 82 | US | RCT | Hepatic steatosis | Resistance | No | 3 × wk | NA | 40 min | 3 mo |
Hallsworth et al[29] | 21 | H-MRS | RCT | Intrahepatic lipid content | Resistance | No | 3 × wk | NA | 45-50 min | 8 wk |
Bacchi et al[43] | 31 | MRI | RCT | Hepatic steatosis | Resistance and aerobic | No | 3 × wk | Moderate | 60 min | 4 mo |
Eckard et al[21] | 41 | Liver biopsy | P | Histology | Resistance and aerobic | Yes | 4-7 × wk | Moderate | 20-60 min | 6 mo |
Oh et al[35] | 169 | US | RCT | Hepatic steatosis | Aerobic | Yes | Weekly | Vigorous | 150->250 min | 12 wk |
NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; DM: Diabetes mellitus; US: Ultrasound; P: Prospective; R: Retrospective; C: Cross-sectional; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; NAS: NAFLD activity score; IR: Insulin resistance; TG: Triglycerides; NA: Not assessed; HR: Heart rate; H-MRS: Hydrogen-magnetic resonance spectroscopy; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.