Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of intervention group and passive control group.
| Measure | Intervention group (n = 163) | Control group (n = 66) | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||
| Age, mean ± SD | 71.3 ± 7.1 | 70.1 ± 8.1 | 0.25 |
| Female, n (%) | 117/162 (72%) | 41/66 (62%) | 0.18 |
| Education, years mean ± SD | 10.9 ± 4.9 | 10.7 ± 4.4 | 0.77 |
| Cognitive data | |||
| MMSE, mean ± SD | 26.8 ± 2.9 | 26.4 ± 2.9 | 0.29 |
| Global cognition, mean ± SD | 0.0 ± 1.0 | -0.1 ± 1.0 | 0.43 |
| Cognitive diagnosis | 0.12 | ||
| Healthy, n/ngroup (%) | 69/163 (42%) | 21/66 (32%) | |
| MCI, n/ngroup (%) | 72/163 (44%) | 39/66 (59%) | |
| Dementia, n/ngroup (%) | 22/163 (13%) | 6/66 (9%) | |
| Psychological data | |||
| GDS-short, mean ± SD | 2.8 ± 2.7 | 2.0 ± 2.0 | 0.04 |
| WHOQOL-BREF composite, mean ± SD | -0.1 ± 1.0 | 0.2 ± 1.0 | 0.05 |
| Medical data | |||
| No. of medications, mean ± SD | 3.4 ± 2.3 | 2.8 ± 2.5 | 0.17 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n/ngroup (%) | 21/154 (14%) | 3/55 (5%) | 0.17 |
| Hypertension, n/ngroup (%) | 76/154 (49%) | 21/55 (38%) | 0.20 |
| High cholesterol, n/ngroup (%) | 34/153 (22%) | 15/55 (27%) | 0.57 |
| Currently smoking, n/ngroup (%) | 18/155 (12%) | 9/56 (16%) | 0.53 |
| Social data | |||
| Number of social activities, mean ± SD | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 0.16 |
| Number of children, mean ± SD | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 0.57 |
| Living alone, n/ngroup (%) | 48/161 (30%) | 11/60 (18%) | 0.12 |
| Study data | |||
| Total training sessions, mean ± SD | 37.3 ± 19.9 | – | – |
| Physical training sessions, mean ± SD | 14.5 ± 11.2 | – | – |
| Cognitive training sessions, mean ± SD | 22.8 ± 10.0 | – | – |
| Trial site, n/ngroup (%) of Thessaloniki | 88/163 (54%) | 32/66 (48%) | 0.54 |
| Days between pre- and post-test, mean ± SD | 64.4 ± 30.0 | 67.4 ± 45.9 | 0.57 |
| Attrition rates, n/ngroup (%) | 74/237 (31%) | 19/85 (22%) | 0.16 |
ap-values of group comparisons refer to t-tests for continuous variables and to χ2 tests for categorical variables.
WHOQOL-BREF, short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.