TABLE 1.
Smoke-free Legislation and Hospital Admission Rates for Childhood Asthma: Multivariate Analysis
| Admission Rate Ratios | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|
| Time (y) | 1.02 | (1.02–1.03) |
| Smoke-free law | 0.91 | (0.89–0.94) |
| Time after smoke-free law (y) | 0.97 | (0.96–0.98) |
| Age group (preschool as reference group) | ||
| School age | 0.50 | (0.50–0.51) |
| Gender (Male as reference group) | ||
| Female | 0.63 | (0.63–0.64) |
| Location (Urban as reference group) | ||
| Rural | 1.14 | (1.12–1.16) |
| SES (the least deprived as reference group) | ||
| Quintile 2 | 1.13 | (1.11–1.15) |
| Quintile 3 | 1.33 | (1.31–1.36) |
| Quintile 4 | 1.55 | (1.52–1.58) |
| Quintile 5 (the most deprived) | 1.80 | (1.76–1.83) |
| Month (January as reference group) | ||
| February | 0.96 | (0.93–0.99) |
| March | 1.17 | (1.13–1.20) |
| April | 0.92 | (0.90–0.95) |
| May | 1.18 | (1.15–1.21) |
| June | 0.97 | (0.95–1.00) |
| July | 0.98 | (0.95–1.01) |
| August | 0.72 | (0.69–0.74) |
| September | 1.94 | (1.89–1.99) |
| October | 1.56 | (1.52–1.60) |
| November | 1.48 | (1.44–1.52) |
| December | 1.31 | (1.28–1.35) |
| Region (London as reference) | ||
| Northeast | 1.36 | (1.32–1.40) |
| Northwest | 1.58 | (1.54–1.61) |
| Yorkshire and Humber | 1.16 | (1.13–1.19) |
| East Midlands | 1.02 | (0.99–1.04) |
| West Midlands | 1.24 | (1.21–1.27) |
| East of England | 0.95 | (0.93–0.97) |
| Southeast coast | 1.13 | (1.10–1.16) |
| South central | 1.01 | (0.98–1.04) |
| Southwest | 1.13 | (1.10–1.15) |