Table 5.

Chemicals derived from herbal medicines not included in this review

Isolated chemicals	Evidence for effects
Phytoestrogens	Hormonal effects in ovarian granulosa cells [107].
Berberine	Comparison with metformin in PCOS [16]; ovarian theca cell hormone production [108].
Catechin derived from Camellia sinensis	Effects of epigallocatechin gallate 1 on cellular metabolic endocrinology [72].
Sapponins derived from Tribulus terrestris	Effects on reproductive endocrinology [109].
Paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid	Ovarian androgen production [110].
Isoflavones isolated from Vitex agnus-castus	Selective oestrogen receptor activity (competitive inhibition via beta oestrogen receptors) [36].