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(a–d) Biological all-pay auctions with many rewards and many participants. Lines correspond to the average strategy distribution obtained through stochastic computer simulations of 107 generations. Shapes of the average strategy distribution depend on the values of all rewards (vi) and on the number of participants per auction (n). Parameter values: population size N = 1000, auctions per generations K = 1000, number of strategies ℓ = 101 in [0, v1] and mutation probability u = 0.5%.
