Analysis of the early growth stages of ndufv1. A, Box plot of the time required by several complex I mutants to reach the following growth stages: radicle emergence, cotyledon emergence, full opening of cotyledons, and two rosette leaves greater than 1 mm (seedling establishment). B, Quantification of the sugar dependence of seedling establishment in the ndufv1 and ndufs4 mutants and wild-type plants. The bars represent the percentage of germinated seeds that form a seedling in the absence (white bars) and presence (black bars) of 1% Suc in the media. Bars represent the means ± se (n = 4). Col-0, Ecotype Columbia; cot., cotyledons.