Table IV. Anatomical parameter values.

Anatomical parameter values were measured for 14 species. Species codes are as follows: BAGA, Bauhinia galpinii; CASA, Camellia sasanqua; CEBE, C. betuloides; CODI, C. diversifolia; HEAN, H. annuus; HEAR, Heteromeles arbutifolia; HECA, H. canariensis; LACA, L. camara; MAGR, M. grandiflora; PLRA, Platanus racemosa; QUAG, Q. agrifolia; RAIN, Raphiolepis indica; ROCO, Romneya coulterii; and SACA, S. canariensis.

Parameter	Symbol	Units	Species
			BAGA	CASA	CEBE	CODI	HEAN	HEAR	HECA	LACA	MAGR	PLRA	QUAG	RAIN	ROCO	SACA
Cell wall thicknesses
BS cell wall thickness	tabs	μm	0.56	0.99	0.69	0.73	0.63	1.71	1.21	0.83	1.14	0.79	1.02	1.14	0.82	0.75
Epidermal cell wall thickness (lower)	tael	μm	0.63	2.54	1.74	2.03	0.80	1.80	1.84	1.55	2.40	1.48	1.80	2.10	1.96	1.22
Epidermal cell wall thickness (upper)	taeu	μm	0.95	2.93	2.24	2.67	0.80	1.76	1.98	1.56	2.30	1.66	1.97	1.94	2.04	1.42
Palisade cell wall thickness	tap	μm	0.54	1.48	1.08	1.41	0.66	1.18	1.48	1.06	1.73	0.81	1.23	1.17	1.36	0.93
Spongy cell wall thickness	tas	μm	0.64	2.15	1.30	1.23	0.54	1.37	1.77	1.09	1.76	0.81	1.53	1.92		0.91
BSE cell wall thickness	tax	μm	1.07		1.42	1.26	1.54				2.30	0.69	1.34		1.34
Cell-scale parameters
Palisade cell height	hp	μm	27.9	69.4	29.3	47.4	48.1	43.6	45.3	39.8	60.8	50.9	35.0	47.0	36.6	34.2
BS cell perimeter	pbsc	μm	28.3	69.6	40.1	46.7	55.5	69.7	80.5	59.8	66.4	47.6	47.0	73.2	58.3	37.6
Palisade radius	rp	μm	6.7	20.9	8.0	14.1	14.4	10.5	26.8	11.7	21.6	11.7	8.7	11.5	12.6	12.4
Spongy radius	rs	μm	9.0	27.8	6.0	19.7	17.2	22.0	25.0	14.6	24.6	11.1	10.4	25.5		11.3
Width of upper epidermal cell	wel	μm	11.2	25.0	9.4	11.1	19.2	17.6	21.7	14.0	19.9	18.4	11.1	14.1	41.7	13.6
Width of lower epidermal cell	weu	μm	16.4	12.5	18.1	15.6	14.9	21.5	10.5	16.4	18.0	18.4	18.7	39.6	42.0	16.2
Width of one BSE cell	wx	μm	8.2		19.9	18.6	34.3				23.1	9.4	16.3		28.5
Tissue-scale parameters
Distance from BS to lower epidermis	hxltot	μm	7.7	111.5	47.9	73.9	52.7	97.7	121.5	30.3	145.0	39.2	41.0	195.1	76.0	41.7
Distance from BS to upper epidermis	hxutot	μm	29.8	94.3	113.8	140.9	70.9	92.9	112.1	77.3	220.2	76.2	140.3	126.8	92.3	65.4
Total perimeter of vascular bundle	pbs	μm	143.9	391.3	247.1	300.5	195.7	525.2	288.0	273.0	343.6	194.7	282.3	399.1	359.5	185.2
Lower epidermis thickness	tel	μm	9.5	13.1	18.9	8.5	11.3	17.6	9.2	10.4	10.1	11.1	12.5	13.9	34.1	8.9
Upper epidermis thickness	teu	μm	16.0	13.9	19.0	14.8	13.3	18.9	11.0	18.4	47.4	17.9	19.1	36.8	40.4	16.2
Palisade thickness	tp	μm	27.6	121.9	97.6	100.8	67.2	95.1	66.1	85.7	195.4	72.4	118.9	107.2	294.3	87.0
Spongy thickness	ts	μm	37.5	259.0	112.5	160.6	90.6	236.4	215.5	93.3	268.2	93.5	127.5	304.5		66.2
Total width of BSE	wxtot	μm	15.3		21.1	31.2	13.2				40.4	6.2	26.4		17.7
Dimensionless parameters
Palisade horizontal connectivity	fcph	–	0.42	0.22	0.18	0.22	0.22	0.07	0.03	0.21	0.52	0.49	0.74	0.85	0.57	0.60
Palisade vertical connectivity	fcpv	–	0.44	0.49	0.35	0.58	0.42	0.64	0.64	0.62	0.43	0.28	0.36	0.24	0.24	0.33
Spongy mesophyll connectivity	fcs	–	0.31	0.50	0.17	0.21	0.23	0.32	0.28	0.17	0.23	0.28	0.23	0.24		0.23
Leaf airspace fraction in palisade	pp	–	0.10	0.20	0.12	0.10	0.27	0.23	0.13	0.18	0.18	0.40	0.07	0.12	0.35	0.20
Leaf airspace fraction in spongy	ps	–	0.10	0.42	0.63	0.40	0.43	0.60	0.52	0.33	0.32	0.45	0.27	0.40		0.27
Leaf-scale parameters
Vein length per unit area	VLA	mm−1	4.98	3.31	7.74	4.17	9.32	4.63	3.00	9.75	5.16	4.97	7.30	3.90	4.15	4.15