Fig. 7.

Effects of adiponectin on inflammatory markers in human skeletal muscle. TNFα (a) and IL-6 (b) mRNAs in primary culture of human myotubes: cells were treated with or without ApN, while being or not challenged with TNFα and IFNγ. TNFα (c) and IκB (d) mRNAs in human myotubes, which were transfected with siRNAs against AdipoR1, SIRT1, PGC-1α, or a negative (non-targeting, NT) control. After transfection, cells were treated with or without ApN, while being challenged with TNFα/IFNγ. mRNA levels were normalized to TATA box-binding protein. The subsequent ratios are presented as relative expression compared to control conditions [i.e., no TNFα/IFNγ and no ApN (a, b); NT siRNA without ApN (c, d)]. e Utrophin A mRNAs in human myotubes, which were treated with or without ApN, while being challenged with TNFα and IFNγ. mRNA levels were normalized as above. In this last graph, each patient is represented as being its own control (statistical analysis was performed on raw paired data). Data are means ± SD; n = 5–6 different subjects. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 vs. no TNFα/IFNγ; ###p < 0.001 vs. TNFα/IFNγ without ApN; §§§p < 0.001 vs. all other conditions