. 2015 Feb 10;123(8):792–798. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408751

Table 2.

Association between mercury (Hg) exposure and antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity among females 16–49 years of age in the general U.S. population (NHANES).

Hg exposure	ANA positiven (%)^a	Crude model^bOR (95% CI)	Model A^cOR (95% CI)	Model B^dOR (95% CI)	Model C^eOR (95% CI)
Hair Hg (ppm)^f
Tertile 1 (< 0.11)	14 (8)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)
Tertile 2 (0.11–0.27)	22 (12)	1.58 (0.27, 9.33)	2.45 (0.47, 12.82)	2.70 (0.57, 12.80)	2.28 (0.40, 12.94)
Tertile 3 (0.271–5.96)	20 (14)	1.83 (0.54, 6.16)	4.01 (1.57, 10.28)	4.10 (1.66, 10.13)	3.75 (1.06, 13.28)
Total blood Hg (μg/L)^g
Quartile 1 (< 0.4)	30 (10)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)
Quartile 2 (0.4–0.8)	71 (19)	2.18 (1.05, 4.52)	2.25 (1.08, 4.68)	2.25 (1.09, 4.66)	2.27 (1.06, 4.83)
Quartile 3 (0.9–1.5)	51 (16)	1.72 (0.82, 3.59)	2.04 (0.94, 4.46)	2.03 (0.95, 4.33)	2.14 (0.89, 5.12)
Quartile 4 (1.6–32.8)	61 (17)	1.84 (0.88, 3.87)	2.33 (1.05, 5.19)	2.32 (1.07, 5.03)	2.51 (1.04, 6.03)
Urinary Hg (μg/L)^h,i
Quartile 1 (< 0.0029)	28 (12)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)
Quartile 2 (0.0029–0.0063)	30 (10)	0.73 (0.35, 1.53)	0.88 (0.42, 1.87)	0.88 (0.40, 1.94)	0.89 (0.42, 1.88)
Quartile 3 (0.0063–0.0135)	28 (17)	1.30 (0.55, 3.09)	1.36 (0.58, 3.20)	1.36 (0.58, 3.20)	1.40 (0.60, 3.25)
Quartile 4 (0.0137–0.8873)	33 (12)	0.90 (0.41, 1.96)	1.18 (0.49, 2.82)	1.18 (0.49, 2.83)	1.20 (0.50, 2.90)
^aWeighted percent. ^bCrude models included Hg as the independent variable; separate models were performed for each source of Hg (hair, blood, urine). ^cAdjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, serum cotinine, selenium, and indicator for NHANES cycle for multicycle models. ^dModel A + further adjusted for omega-3 fatty acids. ^eModel A + further adjusted for total seafood intake. ^fNHANES 1999–2000, one cycle (n = 452). ^gNHANES 1999–2004, three cycles (n = 1,352). ^hNHANES 1999–2002, two cycles (n = 804). ⁱIncluded all participants with urinary Hg data, irrespective of availability of hair or blood data; all urinary Hg models (including crude) adjusted for urinary creatinine.