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. 2015 Mar 27;123(8):806–812. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1409004

Table 1.

Baseline and follow-up characteristics of HEALS participants (= 10,853).

Characteristic Q1 (≤ 12 μg/L) Q2 (12–62 μg/L) Q3 (62–148 μg/L) Q4 (> 148 μg/L) p-Valuea
No. Mean ± SD or % No. Mean ± SD or % No. Mean ± SD or % No. Mean ± SD or %
Age (years) 2,752 36.9 ± 10.0 2,711 36.6 ± 10.0 2,688 36.6 ± 9.9 2,702 37.0 ± 10.0 0.234
Male (%) 1,170 42.5 1,143 42.2 1,124 41.8 1,151 42.6 0.935
Current smoker (%) 813 29.6 792 29.2 747 27.8 751 27.8 0.334
Diabetes history (%) 55 2.0 59 2.2 46 1.7 43 1.6 0.370
Education (years) 2,750 3.6 ± 3.9 2,710 3.2 ± 3.7 2,687 3.5 ± 3.9 2,700 3.3 ± 3.7 0.002
BMI baseline (kg/m2) 2,730 19.9 ± 3.3 2,701 19.7 ± 3.1 2,670 19.7 ± 3.0 2,690 19.4 ± 3.0 < 0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Baseline 2,752 113.6 ± 16.6 2,711 114.7 ± 17.2 2,688 113.6 ± 16.5 2,702 113.5 ± 16.6 0.391
Follow up 1 2,676 113.9 ± 16.8 2,639 113.7 ± 17.0 2,623 113.5 ± 17.1 2,639 114.2 ± 17.4 0.442
Follow up 2 2,557 118.4 ± 15.6 2,475 117.8 ± 15.3 2,492 117.8 ± 15.5 2,489 117.4 ± 15.2 0.175
Follow up 3 2,432 108.5 ± 14.9 2,399 112.6 ± 14.8 2,366 112.6 ± 15.7 2,356 112.0 ± 15.6 < 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Baseline 2,750 73.8 ± 11.5 2,711 73.6 ± 11.3 2,685 73.4 ± 11.1 2,700 73.1 ± 11.5 0.132
Follow up 1 2,677 73.0 ± 10.2 2,638 72.8 ± 10.3 2,623 72.6 ± 10.2 2,639 72.9 ± 10.3 0.557
Follow up 2 2,557 76.3 ± 10.3 2,475 76.2 ± 10.0 2,492 76.1 ± 10.0 2,489 76.0 ± 10.1 0.683
Follow up 3 2,432 71.1 ± 9.9 2,399 73.9 ± 10.0 2,366 73.8 ± 10.2 2,356 73.4 ± 10.1 < 0.001
Urinary arsenic (μg/L)
Baseline 2,711 51.0 ± 47.7 2,662 99.2 ± 79.3 2,576 150.9 ± 120.4 2,600 258.2 ± 233.8 < 0.001
Follow up 1 2,671 54.3 ± 57.7 2,633 106.9 ± 87.5 2,625 145.3 ± 133.8 2,629 185.7 ± 199.1 < 0.001
Follow up 2 2,621 54.7 ± 55.6 2,534 105.7 ± 85.5 2,547 139.1 ± 125.6 2,542 178.5 ± 191.4 < 0.001
Follow up 3 2,564 51.6 ± 57.5 2,510 92.8 ± 77.7 2,499 118.6 ± 108.8 2,484 149.2 ± 169.5 < 0.001
Urinary creatinine-adjusted arsenic (μg/g creatinine)
Baseline 2,711 99.8 ± 83.5 2,662 209.1 ± 151.7 2,576 316.8 ± 200.5 2,600 525.8 ± 488.1 < 0.001
Follow up 1 2,671 96.7 ± 74.4 2,633 193.1 ± 121.8 2,625 264.2 ± 213.6 2,629 344.9 ± 326.7 < 0.001
Follow up 2 2,621 98.5 ± 79.4 2,534 198.0 ± 120.6 2,547 259.2 ± 201.1 2,542 333.1 ± 323.1 < 0.001
Follow up 3 2,564 99.0 ± 89.5 2,510 190.2 ± 153.6 2,499 247.8 ± 191.2 2,484 305.1 ± 309.7 < 0.001
Abbreviations: Q1, quartile 1; Q2, quartile 2; Q3, quartile 3; Q4, quartile 4. Q1: median = 2.3, SD = 3.3, range = 11.9; Q2: median = 34.0, SD = 14.4, range = 49.7; Q3: median = 101.0, SD = 25.2, range = 86.0; Q4: median = 239.0, SD = 107.4, range = 714.0.aRepresents the global difference and is based on the chi-square test for categorical variables and analysis of variance for continuous variables.