Table 3.

Descriptive data (mean ± SD) from relevant skin biomechanical descriptors and the respective comparative statistics obtained at the beginning (T0), after two weeks (T1), and at the end (T2) of the study

	T0 (mean ± SD)	T1 (mean ± SD)	T2 (mean ± SD)	P-values
				(T1 vs T0)	(T2 vs T1)	(T2 vs T0)
Uf(mm)
Group 1
Leg	0.230±0.15	0.195±0.16	0.645±0.72	0.305 (ns)	0.003**	0.007**
Forearm	0.815±0.42	0.742±0.42	1.173±0.70	0.083 (ns)	0.004**	0.021*
Hand	0.941±0.43	0.816±0.40	1.173±0.71	0.509 (ns)	0.561 (ns)	0.004**
Zygomatic	1.798±0.67	2.009±0.75	1.889±0.75	0.500 (ns)	0.837 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Forehead	0.614±0.36	0.706±0.86	1.006±0.86	0.451 (ns)	0.169 (ns)	0.031*
Group 2
Leg	0.223±0.12	0.188±0.11	0.559±0.64	0.934 (ns)	0.352 (ns)	0.492 (ns)
Forearm	0.772±0.22	0.711±0.23	1.272±0.66	1.000 (ns)	0.171 (ns)	0.223 (ns)
Hand	0.867±0.16	0.826±0.54	1.196±0.72	1.000 (ns)	0.322 (ns)	0.395 (ns)
Zygomatic	1.594±0.77	1.735±0.91	1.711±0.89	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Forehead	1.005±0.68	0.872±0.70	1.067±0.83	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Uf–Ua (mm)
Group 1
Leg	0.032±0.02	0.036±0.03	0.774±0.59	1.000 (ns)	0.001***	0.001***
Forearm	0.105±0.06	0.093±0.06	0.805±0.68	0.364 (ns)	0.001***	0.001***
Hand	0.318±0.22	0.247±0.13	0.826±0.77	1.000 (ns)	0.014*	0.012*
Zygomatic	1.024±0.65	1.323±0.83	1.235±0.97	0.380 (ns)	1.000 (ns)	0.819 (ns)
Forehead	0.183±0.11	0.263±0.19	0.758±0.56	0.852 (ns)	0.018*	0.030*
Group 2
Leg	0.032±0.02	0.022±0.01	0.469±0.46	0.403 (ns)	0.522 (ns)	0.549 (ns)
Forearm	0.121±0.06	0.087±0.03	0.814±0.80	0.255 (ns)	0.226 (ns)	0.267 (ns)
Hand	0.163±0.13	0.368±0.30	0.899±0.89	0.975 (ns)	0.546 (ns)	0.252 (ns)
Zygomatic	0.709±0.53	1.261±0.88	1.231±0.97	0.484 (ns)	1.000 (ns)	0.490 (ns)
Forehead	0.651±0.54	0.525±0.55	0.845±0.85	1.000 (ns)	0.690 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Ua/Uf
Group 1
Leg	0.838±0.06	0.826±0.09	0.604±0.35	1.000 (ns)	0.002**	0.001**
Forearm	0.820±0.14	0.809±0.13	0.644±0.32	1.000 (ns)	0.020*	0.008**
Hand	0.782±0.21	0.776±0.18	0.647±0.29	1.000 (ns)	0.086 (ns)	0.017*
Zygomatic	0.577±0.27	0.505±0.27	0.595±0.32	0.624 (ns)	0.134 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Forehead	0.746±0.14	0.727±0.19	0.590±0.29	1.000 (ns)	0.044*	0.015*
Group 2
Leg	0.824±0.07	0.838±0.08	0.655±0.30	1.000 (ns)	0.406 (ns)	0.365 (ns)
Forearm	0.790±0.08	0.795±0.06	0.607±0.31	1.000 (ns)	0.316 (ns)	0.280 (ns)
Hand	0.765±0.15	0.723±0.20	0.617±0.33	0.756 (ns)	0.907 (ns)	0.666 (ns)
Zygomatic	0.626±0.26	0.543±0.23	0.591±0.30	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Forehead	0.612±0.22	0.680±0.26	0.610±0.32	1.000 (ns)	0.847 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Ur/Ue
Group 1
Leg	1.201±0.29	1.300±0.31	0.925±0.63	0.539 (ns)	0.011*	0.051 (ns)
Forearm	0.860±0.28	0.823±0.22	0.622±0.38	1.000 (ns)	0.026*	0.006**
Hand	0.744±0.37	0.768±0.33	0.590±0.35	1.000 (ns)	0.068 (ns)	0.084 (ns)
Zygomatic	0.403±0.24	0.328±0.25	0.385±0.26	0.476 (ns)	0.402 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Forehead	0.738±0.22	0.712±0.27	0.619±0.44	1.000 (ns)	0.715 (ns)	0.410 (ns)
Group 2
Leg	1.166±0.24	1.230±0.43	0.926±0.53	1.000 (ns)	0.406 (ns)	0.365 (ns)
Forearm	0.765±0.17	0.792±0.10	0.529±0.34	1.000 (ns)	0.211 (ns)	0.288 (ns)
Hand	0.721±0.31	0.713±0.38	0.615±0.41	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Zygomatic	0.453±0.31	0.326±0.21	0.443±0.29	0.670 (ns)	0.446 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Forehead	0.571±0.29	0.654±0.33	0.606±0.42	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Uv/Ue
Group 1
Leg	0.963±0.26	1.081±0.32	0.797±0.57	0.277 (ns)	0.040*	0.280 (ns)
Forearm	0.624±0.19	0.631±0.16	0.463±0.27	1.000 (ns)	0.012*	0.015*
Hand	0.576±0.33	0.615±0.26	0.461±0.26	1.000 (ns)	0.065 (ns)	0.307 (ns)
Zygomatic	0.260±0.18	0.215±0.21	0.231±0.16	0.995 (ns)	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Forehead	0.689±0.24	0.661±0.26	0.589±0.56	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)	0.966 (ns)
Group 2
Leg	0.979±0.24	1.051±0.39	0.864±0.54	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Forearm	0.630±0.20	0.686±0.15	0.442±0.25	0.640 (ns)	0.080 (ns)	0.166 (ns)
Hand	0.544±0.12	0.588±0.23	0.490±0.28	1.000 (ns)	0.777 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Zygomatic	0.368±0.24	0.309±0.23	0.334±0.29	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)
Forehead	0.561±0.24	0.606±0.32	0.535±0.42	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)	1.000 (ns)

Notes:

^*P<0.05,

^**P<0.001.

Abbreviations: ns, not significant; SD, standard deviation; T0, day 0; T1, day 15; T2, day 30; U_f, extensibility; U_f–U_a, the ability of the skin to return to its original state; U_a/U_f, total elasticity (including pulse stretching and recovery); U_r/U_e, elastic function; U_v/U_e, viscoelasticity; vs, versus.