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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 7.
Published in final edited form as: J Exp Biol. 2013 Jul 1;216(Pt 13):2393–2402. doi: 10.1242/jeb.082321

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

The social envelope response (SER). (A) Eigenmannia shift their EOD frequency (ΔF1) in response to envelope stimuli, but the response is dependent on the initial envelope frequency (color coded). Fish show stronger responses to initial envelopes that are lower (i.e. 2 and 4 Hz) in frequency. The response is bidirectional, whereby the frequency shift is down for positive ddFs and up for negative ddFs. (B) The strength of the response (normalized |ΔF1|) varies as a function of combined stimulus amplitude (S2 + S3), where fish show an increased change in EOD frequency for higher stimulus amplitudes. Under natural conditions, increased stimulus amplitude would be achieved by decreasing the distance between individuals, as often happens when they are swimming relative to one another. (C) The SER increases the frequency of the envelope, with the final envelope frequencies (|ddFf|) typically ending up in a range of 5 to 15 Hz for all initial envelope frequencies (|ddFi|) tested.