Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of HIV-Infected Participants and Controls
| Characteristic | HIV+ (N = 332) | Control (N = 50) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 49 (42–54) | 46 (40–57) | 0.60 |
| Male | 265 (80%) | 44 (88%) | 0.45 |
| Race | <0.001 | ||
| Caucasian | 186 (56%) | 33 (66%) | |
| African American | 105 (32%) | 4 (8%) | |
| Latino | 22 (7%) | 5 (10%) | |
| Other | 19 (6%) | 8 (16%) | |
| Cigarette smoking | 0.32 | ||
| Current | 117 (35%) | 12 (24%) | |
| Past | 98 (30%) | 17 (35%) | |
| Never | 117 (35%) | 20 (41%) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 13 (4%) | 0 | 0.23 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 27 (8%) | 4 (8%) | 0.99 |
| Hypertension | 112 (34%) | 3 (6%) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 97 (29%) | 12 (24%) | 0.50 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 101 (76–128) | 106 (89–114) | 0.57 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 47 (39–55) | 46 (44–62) | 0.23 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 149 (100–258) | 92 (66–166) | 0.003 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 185 (152–216) | 177 (169–191) | 0.57 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 77 (63–91) | 70 (62–77) | 0.17 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120 (111–130) | 122 (114–128) | 0.40 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25 (23–29) | 26 (24–29) | 0.52 |
| Hepatitis C infection | 87 (26%) | 1 (2%) | <0.001 |
| History of intravenous drug use | 131 (39%) | 1 (2%) | <0.001 |
| Duration of HIV infection (y) | 14 (10–18) | ||
| ARV use: | |||
| Current | 261 (79%) | ||
| Past | 20 (6%) | ||
| Never | 51 (15%) | ||
| HAART use | 265 (80%) | ||
| HAART duration (y)* | 5.4 (2.2–7.5) | ||
| NRTI use | 280 (84%) | ||
| NRTI duration (y)* | 7.1 (2.3–9.8) | ||
| NNRTI use | 157 (47%) | ||
| NNRTI duration (y)* | 3.3 (1.3–5.5) | ||
| PI use | 242 (73%) | ||
| PI duration (y) | 5.3 (2.4–7.8) | ||
| Current Abacavir use | 99 (30%) | ||
| Current CD4 (cells/mm3) | 469 (294–668) | ||
| Nadir CD4 (cells/mm3) | 160 (41–300) | ||
| Plasma HIV RNA (copies/ml) : | |||
| < 75 | 198 (60%) | ||
| 75–1999 | 60 (18%) | ||
| 2000–9999 | 29 (9%) | ||
| >10000 | 44 (13%) | ||
| History of opportunistic infection | 93 (28%) |
Data are presented as Median (IQR) or numbers (percent).
*
Duration of antiretroviral use among ever users.
Abbreviations: ARV, antiretroviral; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.