Fig. 3.

Electrophysiological techniques (two micropipette current-clamp and voltage-clamps) for recording from Ascaris suum. A: A. suum muscle bag showing the current (I) and voltage (V) micropipettes in the bag, and the perfusion needle (P). B1: Representative current-clamp trace showing the slow hyperpolarizing membrane potential during and after 10 min application of 1 µM emodepside. B2: Outward current response to 1 µM emodepside at higher time resolution. Holding potential −35 mV. Notice that emodepside produces a gradually increasing current after a delay of some 30 seconds. The response does not plateau in the time period of this recording. C: Voltage-clamp traces of control K⁺ current and the time-dependent effects of 1 µM emodepside on the K⁺ currents, all to a step potential of 0 mV from a holding potential of −35 mV. D: Bar chart (mean ± S.E.) of 1 µM emodepside effect on steady state (L_K) currents. Comparison was made between the control 0 mV step current at 30 – 40 ms and the corresponding current increased by emodepside at 10, 20 and 30 min. Emodepside increased L_K currents at 10 min (p < 0.01, n = 4, paired t-test), 20 min (p < 0.01, n = 4, paired t-test) and 30 min (p < 0.05, n = 4, paired t-test). (Martin et al., 2012)