Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2015 Aug;5(4):360–371. doi: 10.1007/s13346-015-0228-0

Fig. 2. Humoral immune responses and protection of selected groups against lethal challenge in mice immunized with A/Brisbane/59/07 (H1N1) vaccine.

Fig. 2

(a) Anti-A/Brisbane/59/07 HAI titers; (b) Microneutralization titers; (c) Total IgG titers; (d) IgG1 to IgG2a titer ratio. (E) Survival after challenge with homologous virus; (F) Body weight losses of the surviving mice. Naive: unimmunized mice; IM: vaccine administered intramuscularly; IM exc.: intramuscular delivery of vaccine mixed with excipients of the microneedle formulation; mMN: vaccine coated metal microneedles; pMN: dissolving microneedle patches encapsulating the vaccine. ELISA antibody data for ratios represent the mean ± SEM, HAI titers and NT represent the geometric mean ± 95%CI. Asterisks indicate statistical significance of difference between skin and IM groups: ap ≤ 0.05 mMN or pMN compared to the IM group, bp ≤ 0.05 mMN or pMN compared to the IM exc. group at the same post-immunization time points.