Table 2.
Subject characteristics of men by musculoskeletal diseases classification.
| Men n = 164 |
No sarcopenia and no osteoporosis n = 90 |
Sarcopenia and no osteoporosis n = 26 |
Osteoporosis and no sarcopenia n = 31 |
Sarco-osteoporosis n = 17 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71.1 ± 3.4 | 78.6 ± 3.8 | 74.8 ± 4.3 | 83.1 ± 2.9 | 0.012 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 2.4 | 22.6 ± 2.1 | 24.5 ± 3.3 | 21.7 ± 2.8 | 0.273 |
| AMI (kg/m2) | 8.6 ± 1.4 | 6.7 ± 0.3 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 6.1 ± 0.4 | 0.013 |
| Body fat (%) | 21.6 ± 2.7 | 28.9 ± 2.2 | 23.7 ± 2.6 | 30.7 ± 2.4 | 0.011 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 35.9 ± 5.2 | 23.9 ± 2.3 | 30.6 ± 3.1 | 21.1 ± 2.0 | 0.001 |
| Walking speed (m/s) | 1.61 ± 0.22 | 0.72 ± 0.13 | 1.56 ± 0.17 | 0.63 ± 0.19 | 0.016 |
| BMD (g/cm2) | |||||
| Lumbar spine | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.82 ± 0.06 | 0.73 ± 0.09 | 0.72 ± 0.11 | 0.041 |
| Femoral neck | 0.71 ± 0.07 | 0.69 ± 0.05 | 0.62 ± 0.08 | 0.60 ± 0.13 | 0.028 |
| Education (>9 years) | 16 (17.8%) | 7 (27.0%) | 8 (25.9%) | 5 (29.4%) | 0.156 |
| Supplemental Vitamin D use | 15 (16.7%) | 10 (38.5%) | 9 (29.0%) | 4 (23.6%) | 0.231 |
| Supplemental calcium use | 17 (18.9%) | 12 (46.2%) | 10 (32.3%) | 4 (23.6%) | 0.369 |
| Lifestyle related habits | |||||
| Drinker | 7 (7.8%) | 4 (15.4%) | 6 (19.4%) | 8 (47.1%) | 0.023 |
| Smoker | 10 (11.1%) | 6 (23.1%) | 9 (29.0%) | 7 (41.2%) | 0.027 |
| Physically active | 18 (20.0%) | 5 (19.2%) | 8 (25.8%) | 6 (15.3%) | 0.159 |
| Chronic medical history | |||||
| Diabetes | 13 (14.4%) | 9 (34.6%) | 10 (32.3%) | 6 (35.3%) | 0.057 |
| Hypertension | 16 (17.8%) | 14 (53.9%) | 13 (42.0%) | 10 (58.8%) | 0.063 |
| CHD | 14 (15.6%) | 6 (23.1%) | 8 (25.8%) | 3 (17.6%) | 0.326 |
| Dementia | 0 | 1 (3.8%) | 1 (3.2%) | 1 (5.9%) | 0.417 |
| Parkinsonism | 1 (1.1%) | 2 (7.7%) | 1 (3.2%) | 2 (11.8%) | 0.046 |
| Stroke | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (3.8%) | 2 (6.5%) | 0 | 0.132 |
| Cancer | 1 (1.1%) | 0 | 1 (3.2%) | 0 | 0.413 |
| COPD | 4 (4.4%) | 7 (27.0%) | 5 (16.1%) | 3 (17.6%) | 0.247 |
Notes. Values are mean ± standard deviation (SD) and number (percentage). BMI: body mass index; AMI: appendicular muscle mass index; BMD: bone mineral density; CHD: coronary heart disease; COPD: chronic obstructive lung disease.