Table 3.
Subject characteristics of women by musculoskeletal diseases classification.
| Women n = 152 |
No sarcopenia and no osteoporosis n = 54 |
Sarcopenia and no osteoporosis n = 28 |
Osteoporosis and no sarcopenia n = 47 |
Sarco-osteoporosis n = 23 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 73.2 ± 2.8 | 77.2 ± 3.1 | 73.8 ± 3.7 | 82.5 ± 2.6 | 0.017 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 2.1 | 21.1 ± 2.6 | 23.6 ± 3.8 | 22.3 ± 3.4 | 0.338 |
| AMI (kg/m2) | 7.2 ± 0.7 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 7.0 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 0.025 |
| Body fat (%) | 28.1 ± 3.7 | 30.7 ± 2.1 | 27.9 ± 3.2 | 32.9 ± 2.3 | 0.014 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 25.9 ± 2.2 | 13.9 ± 1.6 | 22.6 ± 1.3 | 13.1 ± 0.9 | 0.015 |
| Walking speed (m/s) | 1.64 ± 0.17 | 0.69 ± 0.12 | 1.46 ± 0.11 | 0.62 ± 0.09 | 0.008 |
| BMD (g/cm2) | |||||
| Lumbar spine | 0.79 ± 0.07 | 0.72 ± 0.05 | 0.63 ± 0.03 | 0.62 ± 0.05 | 0.021 |
| Femoral neck | 0.67 ± 0.04 | 0.65 ± 0.03 | 0.59 ± 0.08 | 0.60 ± 0.05 | 0.016 |
| Education (>9 years) | 13 (24.1%) | 6 (21.4%) | 10 (21.3%) | 3 (13.0%) | 0.156 |
| Supplemental Vitamin D use | 16 (29.6%) | 14 (50.0%) | 7 (14.9%) | 4 (17.4%) | 0.231 |
| Supplemental calcium use | 17 (31.5%) | 13 (46.4%) | 10 (21.3%) | 4 (17.4%) | 0.369 |
| Lifestyle related habits | |||||
| Drinker | 2 (3.7%) | 2 (7.1%) | 2 (4.3%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.023 |
| Smoker | 2 (3.7%) | 1 (3.6%) | 2 (4.3%) | 0 | 0.027 |
| Physically active | 17 (31.5%) | 8 (28.6%) | 10 (21.3%) | 6 (26.1%) | 0.159 |
| Chronic medical history | |||||
| Diabetes | 10 (18.5%) | 7 (25.0%) | 9 (19.1%) | 6 (26.1%) | 0.137 |
| Hypertension | 19 (35.2%) | 7 (25.0%) | 17 (36.2%) | 6 (26.1%) | 0.308 |
| CHD | 10 (18.5%) | 6 (21.4%) | 8 (17.0%) | 3 (13.0%) | 0.289 |
| Dementia | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0 | 1 (4.3%) | 0.165 |
| Parkinsonism | 2 (3.7%) | 1 (3.6%) | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.148 |
| Stroke | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0 | 1 (4.3%) | 0.189 |
| Cancer | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0 | 0 | 0.275 |
| COPD | 5 (9.3%) | 3 (10.7%) | 3 (6.4%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.158 |
Notes. Values are mean ± standard deviation (SD) and number (percentage). BMI: body mass index; AMI: appendicular muscle mass index; BMD: bone mineral density; CHD: coronary heart disease; COPD: chronic obstructive lung disease.