Table 2.

Key implications from selected studies.

List of studies	Key implications
Lai (2004) [15]	Adequate community support services and networks
Chau and Lai (2011) [16]	Further research to examine the residual confounding effects of the socioeconomic and political environment related to racism and various forms of discrimination in large urban centres
Lai (2011a) [17]	Further research on the influence of cross-cultural differences on health
Lai (2011b) [18]	Community education
Lai and Surood (2009) [19]	Longitudinal studies to clarify the effects of aging and acculturation on health values and beliefs
Tieu et al. (2010) [21]	Mental health education integrated into supports and services
Lai et al. (2007) [22]	Service delivery with attention to individuals' cultural health practices, using an approach that is respectful and nonjudgmental
Johnson and Garcia (2003) [23]	More research about adequate dietary intake and regular physical activity of older immigrants
Fornazzari et al. (2009) [26]	Longitudinal studies about health promotion initiatives
Sun et al. (2010) [27]	Culturally and linguistically appropriate education programs about breast cancer risk and mammography screening and the role of the physician in influencing older immigrant women's mammography screening behaviours
Donnelly (2006) [29]	Research about the influence of culture, social, political, historical, and economic background on cancer screening
Lofters et al. (2010) [30]	Research about cultural barriers to cancer screening
Lai and Chau (2007) [32]	Local health agencies and community health practitioners working more closely to design culturally appropriate methods for health information and promotion activities
Lai and Kalyniak (2005) [33]	Family physicians' proactive engagement in health promotion and local health regions and with community health practitioners