Table 2.
Characteristics of subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at baseline showing those who progressed to diabetes mellitus and those who regressed to normal fasting glucose (NFG) over the decade of follow-up. Data are shown as median (interquartile range) or n (%).
| All (n = 187) | NFG (n = 104) | IFG (n = 62) | Diabetes (n = 21) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)∗ | 5.3 (5.0–5.8) | 5.7 (5.5–5.8) | 5.7 (5.6–6.0) | 5.9 (5.7–6.4) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 53.8 (44.0–64.4) | 52.4 (41.5–65.0) | 55.5 (45.8–64.2) | 53.4 (43.7–65.9) | 0.73 |
| Weight (kg) | 71.3 (62.7–81.1) | 67.0 (60.5–76.3) | 73.8 (67.1–86.1) | 79.9 (74.3–96.0) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 (24.3–31.4) | 25.9 (23.8–29.3) | 28.8 (25.0–32.6) | 30.5 (26.7–35.6) | <0.001 |
| Body fat mass (kg) | 28.5 (22.8–36.4) | 26.7 (21.4–32.8) | 30.8 (25.5–38.5) | 35.2 (27.8–44.8) | <0.001 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 39.2 (35.9–42.4) | 37.6 (35.1–41.1) | 40.5 (37.4–43.6) | 42.4 (38.6–45.4) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.3 (78.0–94.2) | 84.3 (74.5–90.3) | 90.6 (82.4–101.2) | 97.1 (87.0–104.6) | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 106.3 (100.0–114.6) | 103.9 (99.1–109.8) | 111.1 (102.7–118.7) | 111.9 (104.9–125.6) | <0.001 |
| WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) | 0.81 (0.77–0.86) | 0.79 (0.75–0.85) | 0.83 (0.77–0.88) | 0.84 (0.81–0.88) | 0.004 |
| WHtR (waist-to-height ratio) | 0.54 (0.48–0.59) | 0.52 (0.47–0.57) | 0.56 (0.51–0.62) | 0.58 (0.53–0.64) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)∗ | 127.5 (114.3–139.8) | 121.0 (111.0–135.0) | 133.0 (123.0–141.5) | 132.0 (120.5–141.0) | 0.004 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)∗ | 79.0 (72.0–86.0) | 77.0 (71.0–84.0) | 81.0 (73.0–89.8) | 80.0 (73.5–88.0) | 0.18 |
| Serum triglycerides (mmol/L)∗ | 1.13 (0.80–1.61) | 1.02 (0.76–1.37) | 1.25 (0.88–1.63) | 1.84 (1.02–2.88) | <0.001 |
| Serum HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)∗ | 1.21 (0.95–1.45) | 1.26 (1.04–1.57) | 1.15 (0.89–1.41) | 0.93 (0.83–1.21) | 0.002 |
| Serum LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)∗ | 3.06 (2.41–3.71) | 3.02 (2.35–3.53) | 3.00 (2.55–4.03) | 3.33 (2.63–3.90) | 0.24 |
| Obesity (%) | 62 (33.2) | 24 (23.1) | 27 (43.6) | 11 (52.4) | 0.004 |
| Hypertension∗ | 80 (42.8) | 34 (32.7) | 34 (54.8) | 12 (57.1) | 0.008 |
| Current smoker | 25 (13.4) | 12 (11.5) | 10 (16.1) | 3 (14.3) | 0.7 |
| High alcohol consumption | 44 (23.5) | 26 (25.0) | 15 (24.2) | 3 (14.3) | 0.57 |
| Low physical activity | 44 (23.5) | 21 (20.2) | 19 (30.7) | 4 (19.1) | 0.27 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 112 (59.9) | 51 (49.0) | 46 (74.2) | 15 (71.4) | 0.003 |
| “Other” metabolic syndromes† | 68 (36.4) | 26 (25.0) | 29 (46.8) | 13 (61.9) | <0.001 |
∗Missing data: serum fasting plasma glucose n = 4; blood pressure n = 3; serum triglycerides and serum HDL cholesterol n = 6; serum LDL cholesterol n = 5.
†Metabolic syndrome excluding FPG.